Catnip, scientifically known as Nepeta cataria, is a common herb belonging to the mint family, widely recognized for its distinctive effects on domestic cats. This plant’s peculiar influence on felines often leads people to wonder if humans might experience similar sensations, particularly a “high.” Understanding the interaction of catnip with biological systems can clarify whether such effects extend to people.
How Catnip Affects Felines
The primary compound responsible for catnip’s effects on felines is nepetalactone, an essential oil concentrated in the plant’s leaves and stems. When cats sniff catnip, nepetalactone molecules bind to specialized receptors in their nasal tissues. This interaction stimulates sensory neurons, sending signals to various brain regions involved in emotion and behavior.
The activation of these brain areas can mimic the effects of feline pheromones, leading to a range of behaviors such as rolling, rubbing, purring, vocalizing, and sometimes playful aggression or hyperactivity. The “catnip high” is short-lived, lasting 5 to 15 minutes, after which cats enter a refractory period of unresponsiveness for one to two hours.
Not all cats react to catnip, as sensitivity is a genetic trait. Kittens under six months old do not exhibit a response.
Human Response to Catnip
Humans do not experience a psychoactive “high” from catnip akin to the euphoric or stimulating effects observed in cats. This difference arises because human biology lacks the specific receptors and neural pathways that nepetalactone interacts with in felines. While catnip does not produce intoxicating effects in people, it can elicit mild, non-psychoactive responses. Attempts to smoke catnip for a “high” are ineffective and can lead to adverse effects rather than intoxication.
The effects on humans are mild and calming. These include feelings of relaxation, a mild sedative effect, and potential aid for sleep. Some traditional uses suggest it may help reduce anxiety or promote a sense of calm. This mild effect may be due to nepetalactone’s interaction with GABAergic pathways in the human brain, which are associated with promoting calmness.
Safety and Consumption for Humans
Catnip is considered safe for human consumption in moderate amounts, particularly as a tea. It has historically been used in herbal remedies. Common methods of consumption include brewing catnip into herbal tea or using tinctures. Consuming large quantities of catnip can lead to mild side effects such as headaches, vomiting, upset stomach, or drowsiness.
Certain individuals should exercise caution or avoid catnip entirely. It is unsafe for pregnant individuals due to its potential to stimulate the uterus and induce miscarriage. Children may also experience adverse effects like stomach pain or irritability. Catnip can interact with sedative medications, increasing drowsiness, and may also affect lithium levels. It is advisable to consult a healthcare provider before using catnip, especially if pregnant, nursing, or taking other medications.