Catnip, scientifically known as Nepeta cataria, is an herb known for its effects on felines. Many people wonder if it can induce a similar “high” or psychoactive experience in humans. Understanding the distinct ways catnip interacts with different biological systems helps clarify this common question.
Catnip’s Effect on Felines
Catnip contains an active compound called nepetalactone, a volatile oil found in its leaves and stems. When cats smell nepetalactone, it binds to receptors in their nasal tissue, stimulating sensory neurons. These signals travel to the olfactory bulb in the brain, which processes smells, and further interact with areas like the amygdala (emotional responses) and the hypothalamus (behavioral responses). This interaction triggers a range of behaviors in susceptible felines, including rolling, rubbing, purring, vocalizing, and sometimes hyperactivity or a sphinx-like posture.
The effects of catnip on cats are often described as euphoric. This response typically lasts for about 5 to 15 minutes, after which a cat becomes temporarily immune to its effects for roughly two hours. Not all cats react to catnip; sensitivity is a hereditary trait, with approximately 60% to 80% of domestic cats showing a response. Kittens under three to six months old generally do not exhibit a reaction.
Human Reaction to Catnip
Humans do not experience a “high” or psychoactive effects from catnip comparable to how felines react. While the plant contains nepetalactone, it does not induce euphoria, hallucinations, or an intoxicating state in people. This is because the human brain’s physiology and neural pathways differ from a cat’s.
Catnip has a history of traditional use in herbal medicine for its mild effects. It has been consumed as a tea to promote relaxation, aid sleep, and alleviate mild anxiety or digestive discomfort. Some individuals report mild feelings of drowsiness or calmness when consuming catnip tea. However, these effects are not comparable to the intense behavioral changes seen in cats.
Understanding Species Differences
The difference in how cats and humans respond to catnip stems from physiological and neurological distinctions. In cats, nepetalactone binds to olfactory receptors in their nasal tissue, triggering a unique neurological cascade. This interaction activates the brain’s internal opioid system, releasing endorphins that produce a pleasurable sensation.
Humans either lack these specific olfactory receptors or possess them in a form that does not respond to nepetalactone. Catnip’s mild sedative effect on humans differs from the powerful response it elicits in cats. The feline attraction to catnip may also relate to its insect-repellent properties, providing a survival advantage by prompting cats to rub the plant’s compounds onto their fur.