Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful lumps, abscesses, and tunnels that form under the skin. It primarily affects areas where skin rubs together, such as the armpits, groin, buttocks, and under the breasts. HS can be associated with swollen lymph nodes, which often serve as an indicator of the body’s response to the underlying inflammation and potential secondary effects of the disease.
The Specific Link Between HS and Lymph Nodes
Hidradenitis Suppurativa can directly influence the body’s lymphatic system, leading to swollen lymph nodes, especially in regions close to active lesions. The body’s immune system responds to the chronic inflammation and recurrent lesions characteristic of HS.
When HS lesions become inflamed or rupture, they introduce bacteria and inflammatory substances into the surrounding tissues. This material then travels through the lymphatic vessels to nearby lymph nodes. Lymph nodes in common HS areas like the armpits, groin, and neck are particularly susceptible to swelling. This swelling signifies the lymph nodes are actively processing and clearing these substances, making it a secondary effect rather than a direct HS symptom.
What Swollen Lymph Nodes Signify Generally
Swollen lymph nodes, medically termed lymphadenopathy, are a common sign that the body’s immune system is actively responding to something. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures located throughout the body, including the neck, armpits, and groin. They contain immune cells that filter lymph fluid, trapping viruses, bacteria, cellular debris, inflammatory byproducts, and other illness-causing agents. When an infection or other issue is present, immune cells accumulate in the nodes, causing them to enlarge and may become tender or painful.
While HS can lead to swollen lymph nodes, numerous other conditions also cause this symptom. Common infections like the cold, flu, strep throat, or ear infections are frequent culprits. Skin infections, mononucleosis, and certain sexually transmitted infections can also trigger lymph node swelling. In rarer instances, swollen lymph nodes can indicate more serious underlying conditions, such as immune system disorders like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, or certain types of cancer.
Recognizing Other Signs of HS
Beyond the potential for swollen lymph nodes, Hidradenitis Suppurativa presents with distinct skin manifestations that are crucial for identification. The condition typically begins with the formation of painful, pea-sized lumps under the skin. These lumps can persist for weeks or months, often enlarging and eventually rupturing to drain pus, which may have an unpleasant odor.
Over time, recurrent lesions can lead to the formation of “tunnels” or sinus tracts under the skin, connecting different inflamed areas. These tunnels can continuously drain and contribute to significant scarring. HS lesions commonly appear in specific body areas where skin folds occur, including the armpits, groin, buttocks, and beneath the breasts. These characteristic painful lumps, drainage, and tunneling indicate HS.
When to Consult a Healthcare Provider
It is always advisable to consult a healthcare provider if you experience persistent or unexplained swollen lymph nodes. This is especially true if the swelling lasts longer than two to four weeks, continues to enlarge, feels hard or rubbery, or does not move easily when touched. Accompanying symptoms such as fever, night sweats, or unexplained weight loss also warrant immediate medical attention.
For individuals already diagnosed with Hidradenitis Suppurativa, it is important to report any new or worsening lymph node swelling to their dermatologist or healthcare provider. While swollen lymph nodes can be a common response to HS activity, they should still be evaluated to ensure proper management of the condition and to rule out any other potential causes. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for both HS and any associated complications, including changes in lymph node status.