Hemorrhoids can cause a burning sensation, which is a common and distressing symptom. This feeling results from the irritation of the highly sensitive skin surrounding the anal opening. The discomfort signals inflammation, especially when the condition is active or after a bowel movement.
The Source of Burning Pain
The burning sensation typically originates from the surrounding perianal skin, not the hemorrhoidal tissue itself. Hemorrhoids, especially external or prolapsed internal ones, make the skin vulnerable to irritation compounded by friction from clothing, movement, and wiping.
A primary cause of the stinging is chemical irritation from residual matter. Swollen hemorrhoids can interfere with the complete closure of the anal canal, leading to the seepage of mucus or residual stool. The digestive enzymes and bacteria in this leakage are highly irritating to the outer skin, resulting in characteristic burning and itching.
The skin in this area is richly supplied with sensory nerves, making it acutely reactive to inflammation. When the vascular cushions swell, they stretch the overlying skin. This combination of friction and chemical exposure creates a localized inflammatory response, which the nerves register as a burning feeling.
Distinguishing Burning Pain from Other Causes
While hemorrhoids cause a generalized, persistent burning, it is important to distinguish this from other anal conditions. An anal fissure, a small tear in the anal lining, presents with much sharper, more intense pain. Fissure pain is often described as a severe, “razor-sharp” tearing sensation during a bowel movement that can linger for several hours.
In contrast, the burning from hemorrhoids is typically a duller ache or persistent discomfort, often accompanied by itching, and is not solely tied to passing stool. Perianal dermatitis also causes burning due to inflammation of the skin around the anus. This condition is usually caused by poor hygiene, excessive moisture, or allergic reactions, rather than swollen veins.
Strategies for Immediate Relief
One of the most effective methods for immediate relief is a warm sitz bath. Soaking the anal area in plain warm water for 10 to 15 minutes, two to three times a day, helps soothe inflammation and relieve muscle spasms. This simple act promotes blood flow and gently cleanses the area.
Proper hygiene is key to managing acute burning. After a bowel movement, avoid dry, rough toilet paper. Instead, clean the area gently using a damp cloth or medicated wipe containing witch hazel. Witch hazel acts as a mild astringent and helps reduce swelling and irritation.
Non-prescription topical treatments provide targeted relief. Ointments containing hydrocortisone can be applied externally for a short period to reduce inflammation and itching. Topical anesthetics, such as lidocaine, offer a temporary numbing effect to quickly alleviate the burning sensation. Avoid prolonged sitting, especially on hard surfaces, to prevent increased pressure on the inflamed area.
When to Seek Professional Care
While many cases of burning from hemorrhoids resolve with home care, certain symptoms require medical consultation. If the pain is severe, unrelenting, or abruptly worsens, seek professional attention. This could signal a complication, such as a thrombosed external hemorrhoid where a blood clot has formed.
Any persistent or excessive rectal bleeding necessitates a doctor’s visit to rule out more serious conditions. Signs of infection, including fever, chills, or increased swelling and discharge, also require immediate medical assessment. If symptoms do not improve after a week of diligent home treatment, consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis.