Hemorrhoids are a common condition involving swollen and irritated veins located in and around the anus and lower rectum. These enlarged veins can develop inside the anus, known as internal hemorrhoids, or under the skin around the anus, referred to as external hemorrhoids. The presence of hemorrhoids can lead to various symptoms, including bleeding, which often raises concerns about a hemorrhoid “bursting.” This article clarifies what happens when hemorrhoids bleed and addresses the concept of a hemorrhoid “bursting.”
Understanding Hemorrhoid Bleeding
Hemorrhoids often bleed due to increased pressure on anal blood vessels. Straining during bowel movements, often a result of constipation or hard stools, is a primary cause of this bleeding. Prolonged sitting, particularly on the toilet, can also contribute to excessive pressure, leading to irritation and bleeding.
Internal hemorrhoids present with bright red blood noticed on toilet paper, in the toilet bowl, or on the surface of the stool. This occurs because the thin walls of internal hemorrhoids are easily damaged by passing stool. External hemorrhoids may also bleed, often due to chafing or irritation, and can be more painful.
What Happens When a Hemorrhoid “Bursts”
The term “bursting” refers to the rupture of a thrombosed external hemorrhoid. A thrombosed hemorrhoid occurs when a blood clot forms inside an external hemorrhoid, causing it to swell and become very painful. The pressure from this clot can cause the overlying skin to stretch and eventually rupture, releasing the blood clot and some blood.
When a thrombosed external hemorrhoid ruptures, individuals may experience sudden pain relief, followed by bleeding and sometimes clot discharge. The blood released is dark and may appear significant. While alarming, bleeding generally lasts for a few seconds to minutes and subsides within 10 minutes. Internal hemorrhoids, conversely, do not “burst” like thrombosed external ones, but can bleed heavily if damaged.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Any new or significant rectal bleeding warrants medical evaluation to rule out more serious conditions. Consult a healthcare provider if bleeding is heavy, persistent, or dark red. Other concerning signs include blood mixed with stool, black or tarry stools, or bleeding accompanied by dizziness, weakness, or lightheadedness.
Severe pain not improving with home treatments, or a bluish lump near the anus (suggesting a thrombosed hemorrhoid), indicates a need for professional medical advice. Symptoms of infection, such as fever, pus, or increasing redness around the anal area, require prompt medical attention. If hemorrhoid symptoms persist for over a week despite home remedies, a doctor’s visit is recommended.
Managing Hemorrhoid Discomfort
Managing hemorrhoid discomfort often involves practical, at-home measures to alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrence. Increasing dietary fiber intake is a primary recommendation, as it softens stools and promotes easier bowel movements, reducing straining. Drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, complements fiber intake by keeping stools soft and preventing constipation.
Avoiding prolonged sitting, particularly on the toilet, helps minimize pressure on the anal veins. Regular sitz baths (soaking the anal area in warm water for 15-20 minutes) can soothe irritation, reduce pain, and lessen inflammation. Over-the-counter creams, ointments, or wipes containing ingredients like witch hazel or hydrocortisone can provide temporary relief from itching and discomfort. Maintaining good anal hygiene by gently cleaning the area after bowel movements is beneficial.