Elevated temperatures can cause ankles to swell, a common occurrence often referred to as heat edema. This phenomenon is particularly noticeable in warm environments or following extended periods of standing or sitting. It represents a temporary and generally harmless response by the body to heat, although it can lead to discomfort.
How Heat Leads to Swelling
When the body is exposed to heat, blood vessels near the skin’s surface widen, a process called vasodilation. This widening increases blood flow to the skin, helping the body release heat and cool down. This expansion of blood vessels increases the permeability of their walls, allowing fluid to leak into the surrounding tissues.
Gravity pulls excess fluid downwards, leading to its accumulation in the lower extremities like the feet and ankles. High temperatures can also prompt the body to retain sodium, leading to increased water retention. This excess fluid, drawn by the sodium, can then collect in the legs and other body parts, contributing to swelling.
Managing and Preventing Heat-Related Swelling
To manage and prevent heat-related ankle swelling:
Elevating your legs above heart level for 30 minutes, three to four times daily, helps counteract gravity and encourages fluid return. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water maintains a healthy fluid balance, preventing the body from retaining excess water.
Regular movement and avoiding prolonged standing or sitting are beneficial, as calf muscle contractions help pump blood back towards the heart. Seeking air-conditioned environments or staying in shaded areas during the hottest parts of the day minimizes heat exposure. Choosing comfortable, supportive shoes and considering graduated compression stockings can aid circulation and reduce fluid pooling.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While heat-related ankle swelling is often benign, certain signs indicate medical attention is necessary. Seek immediate care if the swelling is sudden, severe, or accompanied by symptoms such as chest pain or shortness of breath, as these could signal serious underlying conditions like heart failure. Swelling in only one leg without obvious injury, or if the swollen area becomes red, warm, or tender, warrants prompt medical evaluation.
A fever with swelling, or worsening swelling with a history of heart, kidney, or liver disease, necessitates contacting a healthcare provider. If the swelling does not improve after a few days of home remedies or if it progressively worsens, consult a doctor. These symptoms could point to other conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or organ dysfunction.