Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) and conjunctivitis, or pink eye, are common illnesses, especially among children. This article explores the nature of both conditions and their potential links.
Understanding Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease is a common viral infection, primarily caused by coxsackievirus A16 or enterovirus 71, affecting people of any age, though frequently young children. Symptoms typically appear three to six days after infection, including fever, sore throat, and a general feeling of being unwell. Painful blister-like sores develop in the mouth and throat one to two days after fever begins. A characteristic rash with red spots or blisters may also appear on the palms, soles, and sometimes the buttocks or genitals. The rash is usually not itchy, but mouth sores can make eating and drinking painful.
Understanding Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane lining the eyelids and covering the white part of the eye. Common symptoms include redness, itching, burning, a gritty feeling, and discharge that can be watery, yellow, green, or white. Eyelids may also swell and crust over, especially upon waking.
Conjunctivitis can stem from viral infections, bacterial infections, or allergic reactions. Viral and bacterial forms are contagious, spreading through direct or indirect contact with eye secretions. Allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious and occurs when eyes react to allergens like pollen.
The Link Between HFMD and Pink Eye
Certain enterovirus strains that cause HFMD can also directly lead to a specific type of viral conjunctivitis, often termed acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). Enterovirus 70 and a variant of coxsackievirus A24 are primary agents for AHC. These viruses cause a rapid onset of painful conjunctivitis, characterized by significant eye redness, swelling, excessive tearing, and often subconjunctival hemorrhage (blood spots under the eye’s clear surface).
The more common HFMD strains, such as coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71, do not usually cause pink eye as a primary symptom. However, secondary bacterial eye infections can occur in individuals with HFMD. This may result from compromised immunity or inadvertently rubbing eyes with contaminated hands, leading to bacterial conjunctivitis.
When to Seek Medical Attention and Prevention
Seek medical attention for HFMD if symptoms include a high fever that does not improve after three days, signs of dehydration (like reduced urination), or neurological symptoms such as confusion, seizures, or unusual drowsiness. For conjunctivitis, consult a doctor for severe eye pain, vision changes, increased light sensitivity, persistent symptoms, thick discharge, or if a newborn develops pink eye. Individuals with a weakened immune system should also seek care.
Preventative measures focus on good hygiene to limit viral spread. Wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the toilet, changing diapers, or before eating. Avoid touching the face, particularly eyes, nose, and mouth, to prevent self-infection and spread. Regularly clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces and shared items like toys and doorknobs. Avoid close contact with infected individuals and refrain from sharing personal items such as towels, pillowcases, or eating utensils.