Concerns about hair relaxers and their potential link to severe health issues, including brain cancer, are growing. This article explores the current scientific understanding of hair relaxers, their ingredients, and related health considerations, offering guidance for informed hair care decisions.
Understanding the Brain Cancer Link
Research on a direct link between hair relaxers and brain cancer is still developing. A recent Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) study suggested a correlation, but the exact mechanisms are under investigation. This study highlighted formaldehyde, a chemical of concern found in some relaxers.
Epidemiological studies face challenges in definitively establishing causation for conditions like brain cancer due to various confounding factors and long latency periods. While some research links formaldehyde exposure to various cancers, including brain cancer, overall scientific evidence for a conclusive link between hair relaxers and brain cancer is less clear compared to other health conditions. More robust and consistent findings are needed to draw firm conclusions regarding this specific association.
Potentially Harmful Ingredients in Relaxers
Hair relaxers contain chemicals that can pose health risks. Sodium hydroxide, commonly known as lye, is a strong alkaline chemical used for straightening. High concentrations can cause chemical burns, hair loss, and irritation to the skin, eyes, and lungs.
Many relaxers also contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) like phthalates, parabens, and cyclosiloxanes, which interfere with the body’s hormonal system. Phthalates can be absorbed through the skin or inhaled, potentially affecting reproductive and endocrine systems. Parabens are preservatives also considered EDCs.
Formaldehyde-releasing chemicals are another concern; though the FDA has proposed a ban, they can still be present and release formaldehyde when heated. Formaldehyde is a known human carcinogen, classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), linked to various cancers, and can cause immediate irritation to the eyes, throat, and respiratory system.
Other harmful ingredients include guanidine hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and heavy metals. These can contribute to scalp irritation, burns, and systemic absorption.
Other Health Considerations
Beyond brain cancer, scientific studies show stronger associations between hair relaxer use and other health conditions. Research indicates an increased risk of hormone-sensitive cancers, including uterine, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. For instance, a 2022 National Institutes of Health (NIH) study found that women who frequently used hair straightening products (more than four times a year) had over twice the risk of developing uterine cancer compared to non-users.
Uterine fibroids, non-cancerous growths, have also been linked to relaxer use, with some studies highlighting phthalates as potential culprits. Chemical absorption through scalp burns and lesions, common with relaxer use, can facilitate the entry of these harmful substances into the bloodstream. Respiratory issues like lung irritation, difficulty breathing, and asthma exacerbation can arise from inhaling chemical fumes.
Skin irritation, allergic reactions, and chemical burns on the scalp are also frequently reported side effects. Some research suggests a potential association with breast cancer, particularly hormone-sensitive types, and an increased risk among certain demographics, such as Black women who use these products frequently or start at an early age.
Making Informed Decisions
Understanding the risks and exploring alternatives is key to navigating hair care choices. Consulting healthcare professionals, such as dermatologists or oncologists, can provide personalized advice and strategies to minimize exposure. Reading product labels carefully helps identify ingredients of concern like lye, formaldehyde-releasing chemicals, phthalates, and parabens. Being aware of common problematic chemicals, even those listed under general terms like “fragrance,” aids informed choices.
Considering alternatives to chemical relaxers, such as natural hair care routines, heat styling with proper heat protection, or keratin treatments without formaldehyde, can reduce exposure. For those who continue using chemical relaxers, practicing safe application methods is important. This includes ensuring proper ventilation, performing patch tests, and avoiding application on irritated or broken skin. Understanding potential risks empowers individuals to make decisions aligned with their health priorities.