Allergies can cause glands to swell. This is a direct result of the body’s immune system responding to perceived threats, even if those threats are typically harmless substances like pollen or pet dander. The swelling indicates an active immune response, where the body works to filter out or neutralize allergens.
The Allergy-Immune Connection
Allergies involve an immune system overreaction to usually harmless substances, known as allergens. When an allergen enters the body, mast cells detect it as a threat. These cells, found throughout the body, release histamine and other inflammatory mediators. Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability, allowing immune cells and fluid to rush to the affected area. This inflammation can lead to swelling in various tissues, including glandular tissues or nearby lymph nodes.
Glands Affected by Allergies
The glands most commonly affected by allergy-related swelling are the lymph nodes. These small, bean-shaped structures are an integral part of the lymphatic system, which filters harmful substances and produces immune cells. When the body encounters allergens, lymph nodes can enlarge as they become more active, producing additional immune cells to combat the perceived foreign invaders. Lymph nodes are strategically located throughout the body, with common clusters found in the neck, under the jaw, behind the ears, in the armpits, and in the groin. Swelling in these areas, particularly in the neck or under the jaw, can be noticeable during an allergic reaction, especially if the allergens are inhaled and affect the respiratory passages.
Distinguishing Allergy Swelling from Other Causes
Swollen glands, particularly lymph nodes, are a common sign of the body fighting off an illness or infection. While allergies can cause this swelling, it is important to differentiate it from other causes. Allergy-related gland swelling is often accompanied by other typical allergy symptoms like sneezing, itchy eyes, a runny nose, and congestion. The swelling itself may feel tender but is usually not severely painful. Infections, on the other hand, are a more frequent cause of swollen lymph nodes. These infections, such as strep throat, the flu, or sinus infections, often present with additional symptoms not typically associated with allergies, including fever, body aches, or significant localized pain. Allergies can sometimes make individuals more susceptible to infections, especially in the sinuses or respiratory tract, which can then lead to lymph node swelling as the body fights the secondary infection. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis, especially if swelling is persistent, painful, or accompanied by concerning symptoms like fever.
Managing Allergy-Related Gland Swelling
Managing allergy-related gland swelling primarily involves addressing the underlying allergic reaction. Avoiding known allergens is a fundamental step in preventing symptoms and subsequent swelling. If the allergen can be identified and exposure minimized, the lymph nodes typically return to their normal size.
Over-the-counter antihistamines are commonly used to reduce allergy symptoms by blocking histamine, which can help alleviate inflammation and swelling. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can also help reduce discomfort and swelling. Applying a cold or warm compress to the affected area can provide soothing relief.
If symptoms persist, worsen, or are accompanied by signs of infection, such as fever, it is important to seek medical attention for further evaluation and potentially prescription medications or other therapies.