Gel polish is popular for its durable, glossy finish and extended wear. However, its widespread use has raised concerns about nail health, specifically onycholysis—the separation of the nail plate from the nail bed. This article explores the relationship between gel polish and onycholysis.
Understanding Onycholysis
Onycholysis is a condition where the nail plate detaches from the underlying nail bed, typically starting at the tip or sides of the nail. This separation can manifest as a white, yellow, or greenish discoloration beneath the nail, where the air trapped under the lifted nail creates an opaque appearance. While it is generally a painless condition, discomfort can arise if an infection develops in the exposed nail bed.
Beyond cosmetic procedures, various factors can contribute to onycholysis. These include trauma (e.g., repetitive impacts), fungal infections (often causing thickening and yellowing), certain medical conditions (like psoriasis, eczema, and thyroid disorders), or chemical exposure (e.g., nail polish removers, prolonged water immersion).
Gel Polish and Nail Integrity
Gel polish is a unique type of nail coating that hardens, or “cures,” when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) or light-emitting diode (LED) light. Unlike air-drying traditional polish, it forms a strong, durable layer that adheres firmly to the natural nail, providing extended wear and chip resistance.
The inherent strength and longevity of gel polish provide a durable, protective coating over the natural nail, preventing chipping and everyday wear. However, these same properties can affect nail integrity if not managed properly.
How Gel Polish Can Cause Onycholysis
Gel polish can contribute to onycholysis through several distinct mechanisms, primarily related to its application, curing, removal, and the chemical composition of the products. These factors can compromise the bond between the nail plate and the nail bed, leading to separation.
Traumatic separation
Traumatic separation is a common cause, often occurring during improper removal (peeling, prying, scraping) or aggressive filing, which thins and weakens the nail. Direct impact to the nail while rigid gel polish is on can also cause lifting due to its inflexible nature.
Chemical irritation and allergic reactions
Chemical irritation and allergic reactions can also induce onycholysis. Ingredients like HEMA monomers can trigger dermatitis or allergic reactions, causing inflammation that weakens adhesion. Prolonged or improper exposure to concentrated acetone during removal can also damage the nail plate and surrounding skin, contributing to detachment.
Excessive heat
Excessive heat during UV or LED curing can cause onycholysis. This “exothermic reaction” or “heat spike” occurs as gel polymerizes and releases heat. If the lamp is too strong, gel is applied too thickly, or the nail is aggressively filed, heat can burn the nail bed, causing lifting and compromising the nail-bed bond.
Moisture trapping and subsequent infection
Moisture trapping and infection can result from compromised gel polish applications. If the seal is not intact or curing is incomplete, gaps can form, trapping moisture. This creates an environment for bacteria or fungi, which can weaken the nail’s attachment and worsen onycholysis.
Protecting Your Nails from Onycholysis
Preventing onycholysis with gel polish involves careful practices during application, removal, and general nail care. Adhering to these guidelines helps maintain nail health and minimize the risk of separation.
Proper application and removal techniques
Proper application and removal techniques safeguard nail integrity. Seek reputable nail technicians who follow established protocols for preparation and precise product placement. When removing gel polish, gentle methods like controlled acetone soaking are recommended. Avoid peeling, prying, or scraping, as these actions strip nail layers and cause trauma.
Choosing high-quality products and reputable salons
Choosing high-quality products and reputable salons contributes to nail protection. Opt for brands adhering to safety standards and salons prioritizing hygiene and professional training to reduce adverse reactions. Clean salons with well-maintained equipment are less likely to cause nail issues.
Giving nails periodic breaks from gel polish
Periodic breaks from gel polish allow for natural recovery and health assessment. Refraining from gel manicures helps the nail plate rehydrate and strengthen. This interval provides an opportunity to observe the natural nail for any signs of damage or underlying conditions masked by polish.
At-home nail care practices
At-home nail care supports onycholysis prevention. Keep nails trimmed short to prevent traumatic separation. Regularly moisturize nails and cuticles for flexibility and hydration. Wear protective gloves during water or chemical tasks. Maintain cleanliness and ensure nails are dry after washing to prevent moisture issues.
Seeking professional help
Seek professional help if onycholysis persists, worsens, or shows signs of infection. If accompanied by pain, redness, swelling, or pus, consult a dermatologist or healthcare provider. A medical professional can diagnose the cause and recommend treatments, especially for fungal or bacterial infections.