Garter snakes are common and generally harmless reptiles found across North America, often encountered in gardens, forests, and wetlands. These slender snakes are recognizable by their distinctive longitudinal stripes, which typically appear in shades of green, brown, or black. They are among the most widespread snake species on the continent, ranging from central Canada south to Costa Rica.
Do Garter Snakes Bite?
Yes, garter snakes can bite, but these instances are defensive reactions. These snakes are docile and usually flee rather than confront a perceived threat. Bites most often occur when a garter snake feels cornered, threatened, or is being handled. They may also bite if they mistake a human hand for prey, especially if the hand carries the scent of food.
What to Expect from a Garter Snake Bite
A garter snake bite is not dangerous to humans. Their small, curved teeth usually deliver a quick nip, resulting in minor scratches or pinpricks. While once thought non-venomous, garter snakes produce a mild neurotoxic venom in their saliva. This venom, effective for subduing small prey, poses no threat to humans due to its mild potency and inefficient delivery.
Symptoms from a garter snake bite are mild, including minor pain, a pinprick sensation, localized redness, slight swelling, or itching. Minor bleeding can occur if the skin is broken. The main concern with any animal bite is the risk of bacterial infection.
If bitten, remain calm. Immediately clean the wound thoroughly with soap and warm water for several minutes to prevent infection. After washing, apply an antiseptic or topical antibiotic ointment. Cover the bite with a clean bandage. Monitor the bite for signs of infection like increased redness, swelling, pus, or fever, and seek medical attention if these develop.
Preventing Garter Snake Bites
Observing garter snakes from a distance is the best way to avoid bites. Give the snake space and avoid sudden movements that might startle or provoke it. If you encounter a garter snake, allow it to move away on its own.
If handling is necessary, approach the snake calmly and gently. Support its body with both hands and avoid quick movements, keeping your fingers away from its head. It is best to avoid handling wild snakes altogether.
Be aware of your surroundings in areas where garter snakes thrive, such as tall grass, rocky areas, and near water sources. When working or walking in these environments, watch where you step. Wearing protective clothing, like long pants and closed-toe shoes, offers protection. Maintaining a tidy yard by mowing grass, removing debris, and stacking woodpiles neatly can also reduce potential hiding spots.