Flying ants are a common sight, particularly during warmer months. These winged insects are not a distinct species but are the reproductive members of an ant colony, known as alates. Their primary purpose is to leave their established nest to participate in mating flights, a crucial step in starting new colonies. This dispersal event allows male and female ants from different colonies to mate in the air. After mating, newly fertilized queens seek a suitable location to establish a new colony, shedding their wings.
Understanding Flying Ant Stings
Not all flying ants can sting. Only female reproductive ants, or queens, of certain species have a stinger, which is a modified ovipositor. Male flying ants, also known as drones, do not have stingers. For many common species, such as the black garden ant, their mandibles are too weak to bite through human skin, and they lack a stinger entirely.
If a sting occurs from a capable species, like certain red ants or fire ants, the sensation is typically a mild irritation, similar to a small bee sting. Fire ant stings, however, can be more painful and venomous, potentially causing swelling and itching. Flying ants generally do not seek to sting humans unless provoked, as they are primarily focused on their mating flight and establishing a new colony.
Distinguishing Flying Ants from Termites
Flying ants are frequently mistaken for winged termites. Several key visual differences can help distinguish between these two insect types. Ants have a distinctly narrow, pinched waist that separates their thorax from their abdomen, giving them a segmented appearance. Termites, in contrast, have a broad, uniform body without a noticeable constriction, appearing more straight or oblong.
Their antennae are another differentiating feature. Flying ants possess elbowed or bent antennae, while termites have straight antennae that often appear beaded. Wings also provide clear distinctions. Flying ants have two pairs of wings, with the front pair noticeably longer than the back. Termites, in contrast, have two pairs of wings that are equal in size and length, often twice their body length, and are frequently shed, leaving behind piles of discarded wings.
Managing Flying Ant Encounters
To manage flying ant encounters and address stings, practical steps can be taken. If a flying ant stings, wash the affected area immediately with soap and water to help prevent infection. Applying a cold compress or an ice pack for 10 to 20 minutes can help reduce pain and swelling. Over-the-counter remedies like calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream can also alleviate itching and discomfort. Individuals experiencing severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or a widespread rash, should seek immediate medical attention for a potential allergic reaction.
To prevent flying ants from entering a home, sealing potential entry points is an effective measure. Use caulk or weather stripping to seal cracks around windows, doors, and foundations. Reducing moisture sources and ensuring proper food storage also helps deter them, as flying ants are attracted to dampness and readily available food. Keeping surfaces clean, storing food in airtight containers, and promptly cleaning up crumbs can make a home less appealing. If there is a large or persistent infestation, or uncertainty about whether the insects are flying ants or termites, contacting a pest control professional is advisable. Professionals can accurately identify the species and implement targeted control measures.