Uterine fibroids are common, non-cancerous growths that develop within the uterus. These growths vary in size, from tiny to large masses that can alter the uterus’s shape. While many individuals experience no symptoms, fibroids can significantly influence the reproductive system, often leading to changes in menstrual patterns.
Understanding Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are remarkably common, with up to 80% of individuals with a uterus developing them by age 50. These benign muscular tumors originate from the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus. They are not associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer. Fibroids are categorized by their location: submucosal (in the uterine cavity), intramural (within the muscular wall), and subserosal (on the outer surface). The location and size of fibroids influence the types of symptoms an individual experiences.
How Fibroids Usually Affect Periods
Fibroids most commonly cause heavier and more prolonged periods, a condition known as menorrhagia. Individuals might experience bleeding that lasts longer than seven days, or is significantly heavier than usual. This increased blood loss can sometimes lead to iron-deficiency anemia, causing fatigue and weakness.
Fibroids can also intensify menstrual pain, known as dysmenorrhea. They may increase the uterine lining’s surface area, leading to more extensive bleeding. Additionally, the uterus may contract more forcefully, contributing to increased cramping. Larger fibroids can also exert pressure on surrounding organs, causing pelvic heaviness, frequent urination, or constipation.
Do Fibroids Stop Menstrual Bleeding?
While fibroids are associated with heavier and more prolonged menstrual bleeding, they rarely cause a complete cessation of periods, known as amenorrhea. Their typical impact is an increase in blood flow, not its absence. If a missed period occurs with fibroids, other more common causes are usually responsible.
In extremely rare and unusual circumstances, a very large fibroid might theoretically obstruct the cervix, preventing menstrual blood from exiting the uterus. However, this is an exceedingly rare occurrence and not a characteristic symptom of fibroids.
If fibroids are present alongside amenorrhea, it is more likely that another underlying condition or hormonal imbalance is the primary cause of the missed periods, rather than the fibroids themselves directly stopping menstruation.
Other Causes of Missed Periods and Medical Consultation
Given that fibroids rarely cause periods to stop, it is important to consider other, more common reasons for missed menstrual bleeding. Pregnancy is the most frequent cause of amenorrhea in individuals of reproductive age. Other factors can include significant stress, considerable changes in body weight, or intense physical activity, all of which can disrupt the delicate hormonal balance that regulates the menstrual cycle.
Hormonal imbalances, such as those seen in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders, are also frequent causes of irregular or absent periods. Perimenopause, the transitional phase leading up to menopause, is another common reason for menstrual cycle irregularities, including missed periods, as ovarian function naturally declines. These conditions affect the hormonal signals necessary for regular menstruation.
Individuals experiencing a sudden change in their menstrual cycle, including new onset of amenorrhea, unusually heavy bleeding, severe pelvic pain, or any other concerning symptoms, should seek medical consultation. A healthcare professional can accurately diagnose the cause of menstrual irregularities through appropriate examinations and tests. Early diagnosis allows for timely and effective management of any underlying conditions, providing clarity and appropriate care.