English ivy (Hedera helix) can cause a rash, though it is less commonly recognized than poison ivy. While it doesn’t trigger an allergic reaction, English ivy contains compounds that can irritate sensitive skin, leading to contact dermatitis.
What Causes the Rash
English ivy (Hedera helix) contains chemical compounds known as polyacetylenes. Falcarinol and didehydrofalcarinol are the primary substances responsible for the skin irritation some individuals experience. These compounds cause irritant contact dermatitis, a direct irritation of the skin, rather than an allergic reaction involving the immune system. The rash typically occurs when these compounds come into contact with skin, often released from the plant’s sap or when leaves are bruised.
Recognizing the Rash
An English ivy rash typically appears as redness, accompanied by itching. Small bumps or blisters may also form. The severity of the reaction varies among individuals, depending on skin sensitivity and extent of contact. Unlike the linear streaks often seen with poison ivy, English ivy rashes tend to be more localized or patchy. Common areas for the rash include hands, arms, and legs, especially if directly exposed to the plant.
Relieving the Rash
Immediate washing of the affected area with soap and water can help remove irritating compounds after contact. To manage symptoms, over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream can reduce itching and inflammation. Oral antihistamines, particularly those that cause drowsiness, may help alleviate severe itching and promote sleep. Applying cool compresses or taking oatmeal baths can also provide soothing relief.
Avoid scratching the rash to prevent potential skin infection. Seek medical attention if the rash is severe, spreads rapidly, shows signs of infection (such as pus or increasing pain), affects the face or genitals, or does not improve with home care.
Preventing Contact
Wearing protective clothing, such as long sleeves, long pants, and gloves, prevents skin exposure when handling English ivy or working where it grows. After contact, wash gardening tools and clothing thoroughly to remove lingering irritants. Identifying English ivy accurately is important, especially when it grows among other plants, to avoid accidental contact. When removing English ivy, wear appropriate protective gear to minimize sap exposure.
English Ivy Versus Poison Ivy
English ivy and poison ivy are distinct plants, often confused due to their ability to cause skin rashes. English ivy (Hedera helix) has dark green, lobed leaves, often with three to five lobes, and grows as a clinging evergreen vine. Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is known for its “leaves of three” leaflet clusters, which can have smooth or jagged edges, and grows as a vine or shrub. The chemical culprits also differ: English ivy contains polyacetylenes like falcarinol, causing an irritant reaction, while poison ivy contains urushiol, which triggers an allergic reaction. While both can lead to rashes, their differing appearances and chemical mechanisms are important for proper identification and management.