Earwax, medically known as cerumen, is a naturally occurring substance produced by glands within the ear canal. This waxy material plays a protective role, shielding the delicate ear canal by trapping dust, debris, and other foreign particles, preventing them from reaching deeper structures like the eardrum. It also lubricates the ear, helping to prevent dryness and itching. While earwax serves an important function, excessive buildup can lead to various issues, including discomfort and, in some cases, headaches.
The Link Between Earwax and Headaches
Earwax buildup can contribute to headaches through several mechanisms. Excessive earwax accumulation creates pressure within the narrow ear canal. This pressure can radiate to surrounding structures.
The ear canal contains sensitive nerves, including branches of the trigeminal and vagus nerves. Pressure from impacted earwax can irritate these nerves, leading to referred pain. This means the pain originates in the ear but is perceived in other areas of the head, manifesting as a headache. The sensation of fullness or discomfort from earwax impaction can also cause tension in the muscles of the head and neck. This muscle tension can contribute to the development of tension-type headaches.
Other Signs of Earwax Buildup
Beyond headaches, several other common symptoms can indicate earwax buildup. A common sign is a feeling of fullness or blockage in the ear. This can be accompanied by a noticeable decrease in hearing, which may range from mild to significant.
Many people also experience ear pain or discomfort as the wax presses against the ear canal or eardrum. Ringing, buzzing, or other noises in the ear, a condition known as tinnitus, is another common symptom. Some individuals may also experience dizziness or a sense of imbalance, as well as itching or discharge from the affected ear.
Why Earwax Builds Up
Earwax buildup, or impaction, occurs for several reasons, despite the ear’s natural self-cleaning process. Some individuals naturally produce more earwax, or their earwax may be drier or harder, making it more difficult to expel. The anatomy of the ear can also play a role, with narrow or irregularly shaped ear canals making it harder for wax to migrate out naturally.
A common cause of buildup is improper ear cleaning practices, particularly the use of cotton swabs. Instead of removing wax, these can push it deeper into the ear canal, leading to blockages. The frequent use of hearing aids, earplugs, or earbuds can also impede the natural outward movement of wax, contributing to its accumulation. As people age, earwax tends to become harder and less mobile, increasing the likelihood of impaction.
Addressing Earwax Buildup
If earwax buildup is suspected, especially if accompanied by symptoms like headaches, seeking professional medical attention is often the safest approach. A healthcare provider can accurately diagnose the presence of impaction and safely remove it using specialized tools and techniques. This is particularly important if symptoms are severe, persistent, or if there’s a history of ear problems like a perforated eardrum or ear surgery.
For mild cases, some over-the-counter earwax softening drops containing ingredients like carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide can be used, but always follow product instructions carefully. Gentle irrigation using a bulb syringe with warm water can also help, but should be avoided if an eardrum perforation is suspected. Never insert cotton swabs, ear candles, or any sharp objects into the ear canal, as these can push wax deeper, injure the eardrum, or cause infections. To prevent future buildup, gently clean the outer ear and consider regular professional check-ups if you are prone to earwax accumulation.