Dentures can be a source of jaw and ear pain. While designed to restore function, they can sometimes lead to discomfort in the oral and facial structures. Understanding the reasons and how to address them can help denture wearers find relief.
How Dentures Can Cause Jaw and Ear Pain
Dentures can cause jaw and ear pain through several mechanisms. Ill-fitting dentures are a common cause, exerting uneven pressure on gums and bone. This pressure irritates soft tissues and nerves, leading to localized pain that may radiate to the jaw and ear. Loose or unstable dentures can also cause friction and rubbing, resulting in sore spots and inflammation.
Improper bite alignment, or incorrect occlusion, is another significant factor. If dentures prevent the upper and lower jaws from meeting correctly during chewing and speaking, it can strain the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding muscles. Since the TMJ is located very close to the ear, strain or inflammation in this joint can cause pain that spreads to the ear, a common symptom of TMJ disorders.
Changes in facial structure over time also impact denture fit and contribute to pain. After tooth extraction, the jawbone undergoes resorption, where bone tissue breaks down and is reabsorbed. This bone loss alters the shape of the gums and jaw, causing dentures to become loose and unstable. Such changes can exacerbate TMJ strain and muscle fatigue as the jaw works harder to keep them in place.
The muscles used for chewing can become overworked or strained if dentures are not functioning correctly. When dentures are unstable or the bite is misaligned, jaw muscles may exert extra effort to stabilize them, leading to fatigue and soreness. This muscle tension can manifest as pain in the jaw, temples, and radiate to the ears, as these muscle groups are interconnected.
Identifying Denture-Related Discomfort
Recognizing specific patterns and symptoms helps determine if dentures are the source of discomfort. Pain appearing shortly after new dentures, worsening with extended wear, or increasing over time due to jawbone and gum changes often indicates a denture issue.
The location of the pain also provides clues. Denture-induced discomfort often localizes around the jaw joint, temples, or radiates into the ear canal. This is due to the TMJ’s close proximity to the ear and the network of nerves and muscles in the area.
Accompanying symptoms further aid identification. Common signs of denture-induced TMJ strain include clicking or popping sounds in the jaw, difficulty chewing, facial muscle tenderness, or persistent headaches. Sore spots, blisters, or irritation on the gums under dentures also indicate a poor fit. A key sign is if discomfort lessens or disappears when dentures are removed.
Other Common Causes of Jaw and Ear Pain
While dentures can cause discomfort, many other conditions also lead to jaw and ear pain. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, independent of dentures, are a frequent cause. These can arise from jaw injury, arthritis, or stress, leading to pain, clicking, or locking of the jaw.
Ear infections, such as otitis externa or middle ear infections, are another common cause of ear pain that can radiate to the jaw. Sinus infections (sinusitis) can also lead to facial and jaw pain due to inflammation and pressure in the sinuses, which are located near the upper jaw and can affect surrounding nerves.
Teeth grinding (bruxism) places significant stress on jaw muscles and the TMJ, resulting in jaw pain, headaches, and earaches. Even without natural teeth, some individuals may still clench their jaws. Other dental issues, such as gum disease, cavities, or abscesses, can also cause pain that spreads to the jaw and ear. Given the variety of potential causes, a professional diagnosis is necessary to identify the source of the pain.
Seeking Relief and Long-Term Solutions
For immediate relief from denture-related pain, temporarily remove dentures to provide a break for irritated tissues and alleviate pressure. Gently massaging jaw muscles and applying warm compresses can help soothe soreness and reduce inflammation. Rinsing with warm salt water can also reduce gum swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, may offer temporary relief.
For lasting relief, consulting a dentist is important. A dental professional can evaluate denture fit and diagnose the underlying cause of the pain. Denture adjustments often resolve issues from pressure points or an uneven bite. If jaw and gum shape has changed significantly, a denture reline procedure can reshape the underside of the denture to improve its fit and comfort by adding new material.
If dentures are old, severely worn, or bone changes are extensive, new dentures may be necessary. For complex TMJ issues, a dentist may refer to a prosthodontist, a specialist in dental prosthetics and TMJ disorders. Long-term care involves regular dental check-ups to monitor denture fit and oral health. Proper denture cleaning, including daily brushing with a denture-specific cleanser and soaking overnight, prevents bacterial buildup. Removing dentures overnight also allows the gums to rest and recover.