Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are small, painful lesions that develop on the soft tissues inside the mouth or at the base of the gums. These ulcers are white or yellowish with a red border, making eating and talking uncomfortable. Unlike cold sores, canker sores are not contagious and are not caused by an infection. Denture wearers often wonder if these oral appliances contribute to canker sores. This article explores the connection and offers guidance for prevention and treatment.
How Dentures Can Lead to Canker Sores
Dentures can contribute to the development of canker sores through several direct mechanisms. Physical irritation from an ill-fitting or new denture is a primary cause. Constant rubbing or pressure points created by dentures can cause minor injuries to the delicate oral tissues, leading to the formation of painful ulcers.
Poor denture hygiene also creates an environment conducive to canker sores. Inadequate cleaning allows for the accumulation of bacteria and fungi on the denture surfaces, which can irritate the underlying gum tissue. This irritation, combined with micro-trauma, can trigger the body’s inflammatory response, resulting in canker sores.
Less commonly, allergic reactions to specific denture materials can cause irritation. This irritation could potentially lower tissue resistance, making it more susceptible to ulceration from minor traumas. Ensuring proper fit and cleanliness helps minimize these risks.
Distinguishing Other Causes
Canker sores can also arise from factors unrelated to dentures, and understanding these can help differentiate their origin. Minor oral injuries, such as accidentally biting the cheek or vigorous toothbrushing, are common triggers. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly low levels of vitamin B12, iron, folate, and zinc, can increase susceptibility.
Emotional stress is frequently associated with outbreaks. Certain foods, especially acidic or spicy items, can also trigger or worsen canker sores. A genetic predisposition also plays a role, as canker sores often run in families.
Preventive Measures for Denture Wearers
Preventing canker sores for denture wearers involves maintaining optimal oral health and proper denture care. Ensuring dentures fit correctly is paramount, as ill-fitting appliances are a known cause of irritation. Regular dental check-ups are important for adjustments and relining to maintain a snug fit.
Meticulous daily cleaning of dentures prevents bacterial and fungal buildup. This includes brushing dentures with a denture-specific brush and cleanser, and soaking them in an appropriate solution. Maintaining good overall oral hygiene, such as brushing remaining natural teeth and gums, also contributes to a healthy oral environment. Removing dentures at night allows oral tissues to rest and recover from daytime wear.
Relief and Treatment Options
When a canker sore develops, several strategies can alleviate discomfort and promote healing. Rinsing the mouth with a saltwater solution, made by dissolving a teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water, can reduce pain and inflammation. A paste made from baking soda and water can also be applied directly to the sore to neutralize acids and soothe the area.
Over-the-counter remedies, such as topical anesthetic gels (e.g., benzocaine or lidocaine), provide temporary pain relief when applied directly to the ulcer. Protective films or patches designed for canker sores can also shield the sore from further irritation. Avoiding acidic, spicy, or abrasive foods during an outbreak can prevent further discomfort and aid the healing process.
When to Seek Professional Dental Advice
Consult a dentist or healthcare provider if canker sores are unusually large or persist for more than two weeks without healing. Recurring sores, or frequent outbreaks, also warrant professional evaluation.
Professional advice is also important if canker sores are accompanied by other symptoms, such as fever, difficulty eating or drinking, or swollen lymph nodes. A dentist can rule out other conditions that might mimic canker sores or provide stronger prescription treatments if home remedies are ineffective.