Excess saliva, medically known as hypersalivation, occurs when salivary glands produce more saliva than usual, or when swallowing is impaired. This can lead to a perceived excess in the mouth. This article explores how various dental problems can contribute to this symptom.
Understanding Excess Saliva and Dental Connections
Saliva performs several important functions within the mouth, including aiding in digestion, lubricating oral tissues, and protecting teeth and gums. It helps moisten food for easier chewing and swallowing, begins the breakdown of carbohydrates with enzymes, and maintains a balanced pH level. Saliva also acts as a natural cleansing agent, washing away food particles and bacteria, and contains components that help remineralize tooth enamel and fight infections.
The body regulates saliva production and swallowing through a neural network that controls salivary gland activity, adjusting secretion based on various stimuli like taste, chewing, and even thoughts of food.
Disruptions within the oral cavity can interfere with this delicate balance, either by directly stimulating the salivary glands to produce more saliva or by hindering the normal swallowing process. Dental problems can trigger these responses, leading to the sensation of having too much saliva.
Specific Dental Issues That Can Cause Excess Saliva
Inflammation and Irritation
Inflammation of the oral tissues frequently leads to increased saliva production. Conditions such as gingivitis and periodontitis, forms of gum disease, cause irritation and inflammation of the gums. The body’s natural response is to produce more saliva, attempting to soothe the inflamed areas and flush away irritants and bacteria.
Mouth ulcers or sores can also trigger an increase in saliva. When the sensitive lining of the mouth is damaged, the salivary glands may react by secreting more fluid. This increased flow helps to protect the injured tissue, promote healing, and dilute any irritants.
Infections
Dental infections, such as those from untreated tooth decay or abscesses, are a common cause of hypersalivation. When bacteria invade a tooth or the surrounding tissues, the body mounts an immune response. Increased saliva production serves as a protective mechanism, washing away bacteria and their byproducts from the infected site.
Severe cavities can also stimulate a reflexive salivary reaction. This heightened production helps combat the infection and alleviate discomfort by flushing the affected area. Treating the underlying infection typically resolves this temporary increase in saliva.
Ill-fitting Dental Appliances
New or poorly fitting dental appliances can act as foreign objects in the mouth, prompting the salivary glands to produce more saliva. This is common for individuals newly fitted with dentures, braces, or retainers. The mouth initially perceives these devices as invaders, leading to a temporary increase in salivation as it adapts.
If dentures are ill-fitting, too thick, or extend too far, they can press on nerves and glands, causing persistent irritation and stimulating excessive saliva flow. Adjustments to the appliance’s fit are often necessary to alleviate this issue. While initial hypersalivation usually subsides as the mouth adjusts, ongoing problems indicate a need for professional evaluation.
Oral Lesions and Growths
Certain oral lesions or growths, though less common, can contribute to excess saliva. These might include mucoceles, benign cysts that form when a salivary gland duct is blocked or ruptured. Their presence can sometimes stimulate surrounding tissues or impede normal swallowing, leading to a perceived increase in saliva.
Any abnormal tissue in the mouth can cause irritation or interfere with the normal movement of the tongue and cheeks, affecting how saliva is managed and swallowed. This can result in saliva pooling in the mouth.
Dental Procedures and Trauma
Recent dental work or oral trauma can temporarily lead to increased saliva production. Following procedures like tooth extractions or extensive fillings, the body treats the treated area as an injury requiring healing. Saliva, with its cleansing and protective properties, helps clean the wound and prevent bacterial buildup.
This response is generally short-lived, with saliva production returning to normal as the mouth heals. Maintaining good oral hygiene and following post-procedure instructions are important to support recovery and manage any temporary hypersalivation.
When to Seek Professional Guidance
Persistent excess saliva, especially when accompanied by other concerning symptoms, warrants a professional evaluation. If you experience pain, swelling, difficulty swallowing, or changes in speech alongside increased salivation, consult a dentist or doctor.
A healthcare professional can accurately diagnose the underlying cause of hypersalivation. The diagnostic process may involve a thorough oral examination, a review of your medical history, and further tests. Addressing the root cause is essential for effective management and resolution of excess saliva.