Delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-8 THC) is a widely available cannabinoid derived from hemp. Its psychoactive effects are often described as milder than those of Delta-9 THC, found in marijuana. This article explores Delta-8 THC’s interaction with the body and its potential association with adverse events, such as seizures.
How Delta-8 Interacts with the Body
Delta-8 THC interacts with the body primarily through the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a complex network involved in regulating various physiological processes, including mood, memory, appetite, and pain sensation. Cannabinoids like Delta-8 THC exert their effects by binding to specific cannabinoid receptors located throughout the brain and body. The two main types are cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2).
Delta-8 THC primarily binds to CB1 receptors, which are abundant in the central nervous system, influencing neurotransmitter release and neuronal excitability. This interaction can affect brain activity. While research suggests some cannabinoids, like cannabidiol (CBD), can have anticonvulsant properties and reduce neuronal hyperexcitability, the precise effects of Delta-8 THC on seizure threshold are still being investigated. Some studies have indicated that Delta-8 THC may have anticonvulsant effects, but consistent use could lead to tolerance, potentially limiting its clinical utility for seizure control.
Reported Incidents and Factors Increasing Risk
While the direct causation between Delta-8 THC use and seizures is still being studied, documented cases and anecdotal reports suggest a potential link. The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) received 183 reports listing Delta-8 THC as a suspect drug as of June 30, 2021, with seizures among the most commonly reported adverse events. Poison control centers in the U.S. have also noted an increase in adverse event reports, including seizures.
Several factors can increase the risk of adverse events, including seizures, associated with Delta-8 THC use. Higher doses may increase the likelihood of undesirable effects. Individual susceptibility is also a factor, particularly for those with pre-existing neurological conditions like epilepsy or genetic predispositions. Concurrent use of other medications, especially those affecting the central nervous system or seizure threshold, can lead to drug interactions that heighten risk.
Product purity and the potential presence of contaminants are also significant concerns, as impurities can contribute to adverse effects, including neurological symptoms.
Recognizing and Responding to a Seizure
Recognizing the signs of a seizure is important for providing timely assistance. Common signs include loss of consciousness, uncontrolled muscle movements like jerking or stiffening, confusion, or staring spells. The person may also fall to the ground.
If someone is experiencing a seizure, remain calm. Move any objects that could cause injury away from the person. Gently ease them to the ground if standing or falling, and turn them onto their side to keep their airway clear. Place something soft, like a jacket, under their head. Do not attempt to hold the person down or stop their movements, and never put anything in their mouth, as this can cause injury. Time the seizure. If it lasts longer than five minutes, or if the person has difficulty breathing or does not regain consciousness, seek immediate medical attention by calling emergency services.
Product Purity and Regulatory Oversight
The lack of consistent federal regulation for Delta-8 THC products presents a significant safety concern. Many Delta-8 products are not subject to the same rigorous testing and quality control standards as other regulated substances. This regulatory gap can lead to considerable variability in product potency, purity, and labeling accuracy.
Without proper oversight, products may contain inaccurate Delta-8 concentrations or harmful contaminants like heavy metals, pesticides, or residual solvents from the manufacturing process. Some analyses have found Delta-8 THC products contain impurities in concentrations far beyond what is declared on their certificates of analysis. These impurities can contribute to adverse health effects, including seizures. Consumers should look for products from reputable companies that provide easily accessible third-party lab testing results, such as a Certificate of Analysis (COA), to verify potency and purity.