Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in, disrupting normal metabolic processes. Preterm labor is defined as uterine contractions frequent and intense enough to cause progressive thinning and opening of the cervix before 37 weeks of pregnancy.
The Connection Between Dehydration and Preterm Labor
When a person becomes dehydrated, their overall blood volume can decrease. This reduction in blood volume may lead to a reduction in blood flow to the uterus.
Dehydration can increase circulating levels of oxytocin, a hormone known to stimulate uterine contractions. The body also produces vasopressin when dehydrated, a hormone chemically similar to oxytocin, which can also induce uterine tightening.
These contractions, sometimes referred to as Braxton Hicks or “false labor,” are often harmless but can be concerning. In some cases, if dehydration is severe and persistent, these contractions might intensify and potentially contribute to the onset of preterm labor. Rehydrating the body can frequently alleviate these contractions and halt their progression.
Recognizing the Signs
Recognizing the signs of dehydration and potential preterm labor is important. Mild to moderate dehydration often presents with increased thirst, a dry or sticky mouth, dark yellow or strong-smelling urine, less frequent urination, fatigue, sleepiness, dizziness, or headaches. Constipation and maternal overheating can also indicate insufficient fluid intake.
Signs of preterm labor can include regular or frequent uterine contractions, specifically four or more in an hour, or six or more in an hour. Other indicators are a change in vaginal discharge, such as it becoming more mucousy, watery, or bloody. A feeling of pressure in the pelvis, as if the baby is pushing down, or a dull low backache that persists despite position changes, are also common. Abdominal cramping, similar to menstrual cramps, with or without diarrhea, and a gush or trickle of fluid, which could signal the waters breaking, warrant immediate attention.
Hydration and Medical Guidance
Maintaining adequate hydration during pregnancy involves consistent fluid intake. Healthcare providers recommend consuming about 8 to 12 glasses, or approximately 64 to 96 ounces, of fluids daily. This intake can be met through plain water, which is ideal, as well as milk, moderate fruit juices, and herbal teas.
Sipping fluids throughout the day rather than consuming large amounts at once helps maintain steady hydration. Incorporating water-rich foods like watermelon, cucumbers, oranges, and leafy greens can also contribute to overall fluid intake. Limiting sugary drinks and caffeine, which can have diuretic effects, is also advised.
It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms of dehydration are persistent or severe, such as extreme thirst, very dark urine, irritability, confusion, a rapid heartbeat, or low blood pressure. Any signs of preterm labor, including persistent contractions, changes in vaginal discharge, or pelvic pressure, require immediate contact with a healthcare provider. The inability to keep fluids down for 12 to 24 hours, repeated vomiting, or concerns about fetal movement also necessitate prompt medical evaluation.