Mange is a skin disease caused by parasitic mites that burrow into the skin, affecting various animals, including deer. This condition leads to discomfort and other health issues, impacting a deer’s appearance and overall well-being.
Understanding Mange in Deer
Mange is a skin condition caused by an infestation of parasitic mites. These mites embed themselves within the skin, causing irritation and various symptoms. While different mite species can cause mange, specific types are often found in deer.
Deer affected by mange typically exhibit several visual signs. Hair loss is a common symptom, often appearing in patches, particularly around the head, neck, and shoulders. The skin in affected areas may become thickened, wrinkled, or scabby. Intense itching is also characteristic, leading deer to scratch or rub themselves excessively against objects, which can further damage their skin.
How Mange Affects Deer Health
Mange spreads among deer primarily through direct contact with an infected animal. Mites can also be transmitted through shared environments, such as bedding areas or frequently used sites, where mites might survive for some time off a host. While many deer may harbor these mites without showing severe clinical signs, those with compromised immune systems or other underlying health problems are more likely to develop noticeable symptoms.
The consequences of mange for an affected deer can be severe. Persistent itching from the mites can lead to constant scratching, causing skin abrasions and increasing the risk of secondary bacterial or yeast infections. Extensive hair loss compromises a deer’s insulation, making it more vulnerable to cold weather, especially during winter. In severe cases, the constant irritation and potential infections can lead to weight loss due to reduced feeding and overall debilitation, which can ultimately result in death.
Mange and Public Safety
Mange can spread from deer to humans or domestic animals. While mites from deer are generally host-specific, meaning they prefer and thrive on deer, some species can cause temporary skin irritation in humans. This temporary irritation usually resolves on its own within days or weeks because the mites cannot complete their life cycle on an atypical host. Transmission to pets is also possible, particularly dogs, though these mites often do not establish persistent infections.
To minimize risk, avoid direct contact with sick or deceased deer. If you encounter a deer exhibiting signs of mange, such as significant hair loss or unusual behavior, reporting the sighting to your local wildlife authorities or state wildlife agency is recommended. The public should not attempt to capture or treat wild animals, as this can be dangerous and is often unlawful. Wildlife agencies are best equipped to assess the situation and determine appropriate actions.