A cyst is a sac-like pocket of tissue, often filled with fluid, air, or other materials, which can develop almost anywhere in the body or beneath the skin. These growths typically have a distinct membrane separating them from surrounding tissues. While many cysts are benign, meaning non-cancerous, their presence can sometimes cause discomfort or concern.
Cysts and Their Potential for Self-Resolution
Some superficial cysts, such as epidermoid cysts, may rupture or drain naturally. These cysts are filled with a thick, yellowish, cheesy substance called keratin. When a small opening forms, this material can leak out, leading to a temporary reduction in size or even the disappearance of the lump.
However, even if a superficial cyst drains on its own, the cyst wall or sac often remains beneath the skin. This remaining sac can continue to produce keratin or other fluids, making recurrence common.
Similarly, ganglion cysts, which are fluid-filled lumps often found near joints or tendons, can sometimes resolve on their own without medical intervention. Approximately 30% to 50% of ganglion cysts may disappear spontaneously over time. Applying warm compresses can sometimes promote fluid drainage and shrink these cysts, though it may not prevent their reoccurrence.
For internal cysts, such as those found in the ovaries, kidneys, or liver, external drainage is not a typical means of resolution. These internal cysts may require medical attention if they cause symptoms or complications.
Recognizing When Medical Care is Needed
Seek medical evaluation for a cyst if signs of infection develop, such as increasing pain, redness, warmth, or swelling around the cyst. The presence of pus or a foul odor draining from the cyst, along with fever, warrants immediate medical attention.
Medical care is also advised if a cyst undergoes rapid growth, changes in its appearance or color, or if it causes pain or interferes with daily activities. Cysts located in sensitive areas, such as near joints, the eyes, or the groin, should also be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
If a cyst frequently recurs after seemingly draining or shrinking, it suggests that the cyst wall remains and may require complete removal. Attempting to drain or “pop” a cyst at home is discouraged due to significant risks. This can introduce bacteria, leading to infection, increased inflammation, and potential scarring. Home drainage rarely removes the entire cyst sac, making recurrence highly likely. Medical professionals can accurately diagnose the type of cyst and recommend appropriate treatment, which might include observation, needle aspiration to drain the fluid, or surgical removal of the entire cyst to prevent recurrence.