Back pain is a common concern, and its connection to COVID-19 has become increasingly recognized. Back pain is a reported symptom of COVID-19, and it can manifest in various ways, adding to the complex presentation of the illness.
Back Pain: A Recognized COVID-19 Symptom
Back pain is a frequently reported symptom among individuals with COVID-19, often presenting as part of broader muscle aches or myalgia. This pain can affect both the upper and lower back and is often described as a deep ache, cramps, or muscle spasms, rather than a sharp or throbbing pain. The timing of back pain during COVID-19 can vary; it might appear as an early symptom, sometimes even before typical respiratory issues, or it can develop later in the illness. For some, this discomfort can persist for weeks or even months beyond the initial infection, becoming a component of what is known as “long COVID.” This prolonged back pain can significantly affect daily life and overall well-being.
Why COVID-19 Can Lead to Back Pain
Back pain during or after a COVID-19 infection is linked to several physiological mechanisms within the body.
Systemic Inflammation
A primary factor is systemic inflammation, where the immune system’s response to the virus releases pro-inflammatory molecules called cytokines. This widespread inflammation can affect muscles, joints, and connective tissues throughout the body, resulting in generalized body aches and specifically back pain.
Direct Viral Effects
The virus might also have direct effects on muscle cells, leading to a condition called myositis, or potentially impacting nerve pathways. Some research suggests SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect skeletal muscle cells. This interaction could contribute to muscle pain and weakness, including in the back.
Coughing, Inactivity, and Stress
Persistent and forceful coughing, a common symptom of COVID-19, can also strain the muscles and ligaments in the back, particularly in the thoracic (upper) and lumbar (lower) regions. Repetitive and intense use of respiratory muscles during coughing can lead to muscle fatigue, guarding, and discomfort, potentially causing or exacerbating back pain. Additionally, prolonged periods of inactivity or bed rest during severe illness can lead to muscle stiffness, deconditioning, and pressure on the spine, contributing to back discomfort. Psychological stress and anxiety associated with being ill can further exacerbate muscle tension and pain perception, as stress causes muscles to tense up and can lower pain thresholds.
Coping with COVID-Related Back Pain
Coping with COVID-related back pain involves supportive measures to relieve discomfort and promote recovery. Adequate rest allows the body to conserve energy and focus on fighting the infection.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can help reduce pain and inflammation. However, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider regarding their use.
Applying heat packs or cold packs to the affected areas can also provide relief. Heat therapy can help relax tense muscles and improve blood circulation, while cold therapy can reduce inflammation and numb the pain.
Engaging in gentle movement and stretching, if tolerable, can prevent stiffness and improve flexibility, but overexertion should be avoided. Staying well-hydrated and maintaining good nutrition are also important for overall recovery and muscle health.
Recognizing Serious Symptoms
While back pain is common with COVID-19, certain signs warrant immediate medical attention. Seek professional medical advice if back pain is accompanied by new numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs. Loss of bowel or bladder control alongside back pain is a medical emergency that requires urgent assessment. A severe, localized back pain that does not improve with rest or basic pain relief measures requires medical evaluation. Back pain that significantly worsens or begins after initial COVID recovery, or pain accompanied by unexplained fever, chills, or night sweats not typical of COVID-19 symptoms, are concerning.