Many people wonder if COVID-19 can lead to mononucleosis, given their shared symptoms like fatigue. This article explores the relationship between these two distinct conditions. Understanding their characteristics is important to clarify how they might relate.
Mononucleosis: The Basics
Mononucleosis, often called mono, is an infectious disease primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This virus is a type of herpes virus and is highly common, with over 90% of adults carrying it in a dormant state. Mono typically spreads through saliva, earning it the nickname “the kissing disease,” but it can also transmit through sharing food or drinks.
Common symptoms of mononucleosis include fatigue, fever, and a sore throat. Individuals may also experience swollen lymph nodes, headaches, or body aches. While symptoms can linger for several weeks or even a few months, most people recover fully.
COVID-19 and Its Impact
COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus spreads primarily through respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Symptoms of COVID-19 can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe, and some individuals may not experience any symptoms at all.
Common indicators of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and fatigue. Other symptoms are shortness of breath, muscle or body aches, and a loss of taste or smell. A sore throat, congestion, and nausea are also possible.
Exploring the Connection: COVID-19 and Mono
COVID-19 does not directly cause mononucleosis. They are distinct viral infections caused by different viruses: SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) for mono. However, the two conditions share several overlapping symptoms, which can lead to confusion. Both illnesses can present with fever, fatigue, sore throat, and body aches.
The immune system’s response to a viral infection like COVID-19 can impact other latent viruses. SARS-CoV-2 infection can stress the immune system, potentially leading to the reactivation of dormant viruses like EBV. If someone has previously been infected with EBV, COVID-19 might trigger the Epstein-Barr virus to become active again, causing mononucleosis-like symptoms. This is a reactivation of an existing virus, not a new infection. Studies show a higher incidence of EBV reactivation in COVID-19 patients.
It is also possible to have both COVID-19 and an active EBV infection, or EBV reactivation, simultaneously. This co-infection can complicate diagnosis due to symptom overlap. Researchers note that EBV reactivation is more common in individuals experiencing “long COVID” symptoms, particularly fatigue, suggesting a role of EBV in prolonged illness.
Differentiating between the two often requires specific diagnostic tests. While symptoms might be similar, blood tests can identify the specific virus causing the illness, such as detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA for COVID-19 or specific antibodies for EBV. This helps healthcare professionals determine if a person has COVID-19, mononucleosis, or both.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you experience persistent or worsening symptoms, especially those overlapping between mononucleosis and COVID-19, seek medical advice. A healthcare professional can evaluate your symptoms and determine the appropriate diagnostic tests. An accurate diagnosis ensures proper guidance for managing your condition.