A forceful cough can indeed contribute to a nosebleed. While nosebleeds often occur without a clear reason, understanding the science behind this connection can help. This article explores how coughing might cause a nosebleed and outlines other common reasons for nasal bleeding.
How Coughing Can Cause Nosebleeds
The nasal passages contain numerous tiny, delicate blood vessels close to the surface of the mucous membrane. When a person coughs forcefully, it creates a sudden, temporary increase in blood pressure throughout the body, including these fragile blood vessels. This surge in pressure can strain the vessel walls.
Increased pressure, particularly in the anterior part of the nasal septum where vessels are most exposed, can cause these small capillaries to rupture. The rapid expansion and contraction of air during a strong cough also creates physical stress within the nasal cavity, contributing to a vessel breaking and bleeding.
Other Reasons for Nosebleeds
Many other factors commonly cause nosebleeds. Dry air is a frequent culprit, especially in heated indoor spaces or arid climates, as it can dry out and irritate the nasal membranes, making them prone to cracking and bleeding. Allergies and colds often lead to inflammation and irritation of the nasal lining, weakening blood vessels and increasing susceptibility to nosebleeds. Frequent nose blowing or nose picking can also directly damage the delicate blood vessels.
Certain medications can increase the risk of nosebleeds. Blood thinners, such as aspirin or warfarin, reduce the blood’s ability to clot, making bleeding more likely and harder to stop. Some nasal sprays, particularly decongestant or steroid sprays, can dry out the nasal lining over time, contributing to irritation and bleeding. Nasal trauma, such as a direct blow to the nose, is another common cause, as it can directly injure the blood vessels.
When to Worry About a Nosebleed
Most nosebleeds are not serious and can be managed at home, but certain situations warrant medical attention. If a nosebleed lasts longer than 20 minutes despite applying pressure, seek medical care. Very heavy bleeding, where blood is pouring down the back of the throat or out of both nostrils, also requires prompt evaluation.
Frequent, recurring nosebleeds should be discussed with a healthcare provider to determine an underlying cause. If a nosebleed is accompanied by other symptoms like dizziness, weakness, shortness of breath, or pale skin, it could indicate significant blood loss or another condition. Any nosebleed that occurs after a head injury or fall needs immediate medical assessment.
What to Do When a Nosebleed Occurs
When a nosebleed begins, it is important to remain calm and take immediate action. Sit upright and lean slightly forward to prevent blood from flowing down the back of the throat, which can cause nausea or vomiting. Avoid tilting the head back. Gently blow your nose to clear any blood clots before applying pressure.
Using your thumb and index finger, firmly pinch the soft part of your nose, just above the nostrils, ensuring pressure is applied to both sides. Maintain this continuous pressure for at least 10 to 15 minutes, breathing through your mouth. Do not check if the bleeding has stopped before the time is up, as this allows proper clotting. After the bleeding subsides, avoid strenuous activity, nose blowing, or picking for several hours to prevent it from restarting.