A stye is a common, painful bump that forms on the eyelid when an oil gland or hair follicle becomes infected. Contact lens wearers often wonder if their lenses contribute to stye development.
Understanding Styes
A stye typically appears as a red, tender, and swollen lump on the eyelid, resembling a small pimple. It can develop on the outer edge of the eyelid or sometimes on the inner surface. Common symptoms accompanying a stye include localized pain, tenderness to the touch, and general eyelid swelling.
These localized infections are primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, which commonly resides on the skin. This bacterium can infect the sebaceous glands (glands that produce oil) or hair follicles of the eyelashes. While generally harmless, styes can be quite uncomfortable and sometimes lead to blurred vision if they grow large enough to press on the eye.
Contact Lenses and Stye Formation
Contact lenses can contribute to stye formation through several mechanisms, mainly related to hygiene and irritation. One significant factor is the transfer of bacteria from hands to the lenses, and subsequently to the eye. If proper handwashing is not performed before handling lenses, bacteria present on the fingers can easily contaminate the lens surface.
Contaminated lenses or lens cases also pose a risk. Lens cases that are not cleaned and disinfected regularly, or those where old solution is “topped off” instead of replaced, become breeding grounds for bacteria. When these contaminated lenses are placed on the eye, they introduce a high bacterial load directly onto the sensitive eyelid margins, increasing the likelihood of an infection.
Furthermore, physical irritation from contact lenses can make the eyelid more susceptible to infection. Ill-fitting lenses, or debris trapped beneath a lens, can repeatedly rub against the eyelid. This constant friction can create micro-abrasions or inflammation, compromising the natural protective barrier of the eyelid skin and making it easier for bacteria to invade. This mechanical irritation can also indirectly contribute to the blockage of meibomian glands, which produce oil for the tear film.
When these glands become obstructed, the trapped oil provides a rich environment for bacterial proliferation, setting the stage for stye development. Extended wear of contact lenses beyond recommended periods, or sleeping in lenses not designed for overnight use, further exacerbates these risks. Such practices reduce oxygen flow to the eye and can increase bacterial adhesion to the lens surface, creating a more favorable environment for infections.
Preventing Styes When Wearing Contacts
Maintaining strict hand hygiene is a primary defense against styes for contact lens wearers. Always wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before touching contact lenses or eyes. This simple step significantly reduces the transfer of bacteria from your hands to your lenses.
Proper cleaning and storage of contact lenses and their cases are also essential. Always use fresh, sterile contact lens solution each time you store your lenses, never topping off old solution. Replace your lens case every three months to prevent bacterial biofilm buildup.
Never sleep in daily wear contact lenses, as this practice can significantly increase the risk of eye infections, including styes. Adhere strictly to the replacement schedule recommended by your eye care professional for your specific type of lenses. Sharing contact lenses should be avoided under all circumstances, as this can transmit bacteria and other pathogens.
Removing contact lenses before swimming or showering is also a good preventative measure to avoid exposing them to waterborne microorganisms. If your eyes feel irritated, red, or show any signs of infection, remove your contact lenses immediately and switch to glasses. Wearing contacts with irritated eyes can worsen the condition and potentially lead to a stye.
Managing a Stye
If a stye develops, it is important to discontinue contact lens wear immediately. Switch to wearing glasses until the stye has fully resolved to prevent further irritation or potential spread of infection. Applying warm compresses to the affected eyelid can help alleviate symptoms and encourage drainage.
Soak a clean cloth in warm water, wring out the excess, and apply it to the closed eyelid for 5 to 10 minutes, several times a day. It is crucial not to squeeze or attempt to pop the stye, as this can spread the infection or cause further complications. Doing so can push bacteria deeper into the tissue or lead to a more severe infection.
Seek professional medical attention if the stye worsens, does not improve within a few days, affects your vision, or if the redness and swelling spread beyond the eyelid. After the stye has completely healed, it is generally advisable to discard the contact lenses and case used during the infection period and begin with a fresh pair of lenses and a new case. Your eye care professional can provide specific guidance on when it is safe to resume contact lens wear.