Rectal bleeding can be an unsettling symptom, often leading individuals to wonder about its potential causes. A common question is whether colon polyps can be responsible for such bleeding. Indeed, colon polyps are a known cause of bleeding in the digestive tract. Recognizing this connection helps identify signs needing medical attention.
Understanding Colon Polyps
Colon polyps are small growths that form on the inner lining of the large intestine, also known as the colon. These growths arise from the abnormal division of cells within the mucous membrane that lines the colon. While many colon polyps are harmless, some types carry the potential to develop into cancer over time.
Polyps are broadly categorized into non-neoplastic and neoplastic types. Non-neoplastic polyps, such as hyperplastic polyps, typically do not become cancerous. In contrast, neoplastic polyps, which include adenomatous polyps and serrated lesions, have the potential for cancerous transformation. Adenomatous polyps are a common type, and most colorectal cancers originate from them.
How Polyps Cause Bleeding
Colon polyps can lead to bleeding due to several physiological factors. These growths often possess a rich blood supply within their delicate structure. Their location within the colon means they are frequently exposed to the mechanical friction caused by stool passing through the digestive tract. This constant movement and pressure can easily irritate or erode the surface of the polyp.
Such irritation can cause the rupture of small blood vessels located within the polyp. This process releases blood into the colon, which then mixes with stool or is observed separately.
Recognizing Bleeding From Polyps
Bleeding from colon polyps can manifest in various ways, ranging from visible blood to microscopic amounts. One common sign is the presence of bright red blood on toilet paper after a bowel movement, in the toilet bowl, or mixed with the stool. If the bleeding occurs higher up in the colon or travels a longer distance before being expelled, the blood may appear darker or make the stool look black and tarry, a condition known as melena.
Sometimes, the bleeding from polyps can be slow and chronic, occurring at such a low level that it is not visible to the naked eye. This microscopic bleeding can lead to iron deficiency anemia over time, causing symptoms such as fatigue and weakness.
What To Do About Suspected Bleeding
Experiencing any unexplained rectal bleeding warrants immediate medical attention, regardless of how minor it might seem. While other conditions like hemorrhoids can also cause bleeding, it is important to have a healthcare professional determine the exact cause. Ignoring such symptoms can delay the diagnosis of a potentially serious underlying issue like colon polyps or colorectal cancer.
A doctor will typically conduct a thorough evaluation, which may include a physical examination and a stool test to check for hidden blood. The most definitive diagnostic method is a colonoscopy, a procedure where a flexible tube with a camera is used to visualize the entire colon. If polyps are identified during a colonoscopy, they are typically removed through a process called polypectomy. This removal is crucial not only to stop bleeding but also to prevent any polyps with cancerous potential from developing further.