Eye discharge is the secretion of mucus, pus, or excessive tears from the eyes, often appearing as crusts along the lashes or in the corners of the eyes upon waking. A common cold is a viral infection primarily affecting the nose and throat. It is possible for a common cold to lead to eye discharge.
The Connection Between Colds and Eye Discharge
Colds can cause inflammation throughout the upper respiratory system, including areas connected to the eyes. Viruses, such as adenovirus often responsible for colds, can directly infect the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. This infection is known as viral conjunctivitis, or “pink eye,” and is a frequent eye condition associated with colds and flu.
Inflammation and congestion in the nasal passages, directly linked to the eyes via the nasolacrimal ducts (tear ducts), can also contribute to eye symptoms. When these ducts become inflamed or blocked due to a cold, tears may not drain properly, leading to watery eyes or discharge. Viruses can also spread from the respiratory tract to the eyes, for instance, by touching the nose or mouth and then rubbing them.
Understanding Different Types of Eye Discharge
Eye discharge varies in appearance, and its characteristics often provide clues about its underlying cause. Clear or watery discharge, which may include a small amount of mucus, is commonly associated with viral infections like the common cold or allergies. This type of discharge typically indicates inflammation or irritation rather than a bacterial infection.
Thicker, stickier discharge, often appearing white or light cream, can also occur with mild viral infections or conditions like dry eyes. Crusty discharge on eyelashes and eyelids often results from dried mucus or pus, especially noticeable in the morning.
When Eye Discharge is More Than Just a Cold
While a common cold can cause eye discharge, other conditions can also lead to similar symptoms. Bacterial conjunctivitis, for example, typically presents with a thick, sticky, yellow or green discharge that can make the eyelids difficult to open upon waking. This differs from the often watery discharge seen with viral conjunctivitis linked to a cold.
Viral conjunctivitis not directly associated with a cold can also cause watery or white discharge, along with redness and a gritty sensation. Allergic conjunctivitis, triggered by allergens like pollen or dust, usually results in watery, itchy eyes with some stringy, white discharge, and often affects both eyes simultaneously. Unlike infectious forms, allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious. Other causes of eye discharge include blepharitis, an inflammation of the eyelids causing crusty discharge and flakes similar to dandruff, and styes, which are infected eyelid glands that can produce yellow mucus alongside a small bump. Dry eye syndrome can also lead to increased mucus production as the eyes attempt to lubricate themselves.
Seeking Medical Attention and Home Care
Certain symptoms accompanying eye discharge indicate a need for medical consultation. These include large amounts of discharge, especially if it is dark yellow, green, or sticky. Pain, increasing redness, or swelling in or around the eye also warrant professional assessment. Vision changes, such as blurring or sensitivity to light, or discharge that worsens or persists beyond the typical duration of a cold (around one to two weeks) require a visit to a healthcare provider.
For mild eye discharge associated with a cold, several home care practices can help. Applying warm compresses to the closed eyelids several times a day can soothe irritation and soften any crusty buildup. Gentle cleaning of the eyelids with a clean cloth and cool, boiled water can also remove discharge. Using over-the-counter artificial tears can provide lubrication and comfort. Maintaining good hand hygiene, avoiding rubbing the eyes, and not sharing personal items like towels are important to prevent spreading the infection.