Kyphosis is an excessive outward curvature of the spine, often in the upper back, giving the appearance of a rounded back or “hunchback.” While the thoracic spine naturally curves forward, kyphosis (or hyperkyphosis) occurs when this angle exceeds the normal range of 20 to 45 degrees. Whether a chiropractor can “fix” this condition depends entirely on the underlying cause and the type of curvature present. Chiropractic care offers non-invasive methods to address symptoms and improve function. A comprehensive evaluation is necessary to determine the potential for structural change versus functional improvement.
Defining Kyphosis and Its Causes
Kyphosis is broadly categorized into two major types: postural and structural. Differentiating between them is paramount for treatment planning. Postural kyphosis is the most common form, often developing during adolescence due to habitual slouching or poor posture. This type is generally flexible, meaning the curve can be straightened or reduced voluntarily and does not involve fixed bony abnormalities on X-ray imaging.
Structural kyphosis, in contrast, involves a fixed, rigid deformity of the spinal bones that cannot be corrected simply by changing posture. The most common structural form is Scheuermann’s kyphosis, which typically affects adolescents and involves the wedging of three or more consecutive vertebrae. Other structural causes include congenital defects, trauma, and degenerative conditions like osteoporosis causing vertebral compression fractures. The presence of these fixed deformities limits the potential for non-surgical correction of the curve angle.
Chiropractic Techniques Used for Spinal Curvature
Chiropractors employ a range of techniques aimed at improving spinal alignment, mobility, and muscular balance surrounding the kyphotic curve. The primary method is specific spinal manipulation, or adjustments, which involve a gentle, targeted thrust to restricted joints to restore normal motion. This aims to increase flexibility in segments surrounding the excessive curvature.
Spinal mobilization techniques, which are gentler, non-thrusting movements, may be used, particularly if the kyphosis is associated with degenerative disc disease or severe joint restriction. Chiropractors also address soft tissues that become tight or weak due to poor posture. This includes targeted soft tissue work, such as trigger point therapy or instrument-assisted techniques, to release tension in muscles like the pectorals and hamstrings.
Rehabilitative exercises and postural training are integrated into the care plan to support and maintain improvements in mobility. These exercises focus on strengthening the posterior chain muscles, like the mid-back extensors, which are often weakened by a rounded posture, and stretching the tight chest muscles. The goal is to retrain the body to hold a more upright and balanced posture.
Effectiveness of Chiropractic Care Based on Kyphosis Type
The effectiveness of chiropractic care varies significantly depending on whether the condition is postural or structural. For postural kyphosis, which results from muscle imbalance and habit, chiropractic care is often highly effective in managing symptoms and improving appearance. Adjustments help mobilize the spine, while rehabilitative exercises and postural education can train the flexible spine to adopt a less exaggerated curve over time.
In cases of structural kyphosis, such as Scheuermann’s disease or congenital kyphosis, adjustments cannot reverse the fixed deformities of the vertebrae. The role of chiropractic intervention shifts from structural correction to functional improvement and pain management. Treatment focuses on reducing chronic pain, decreasing muscle spasms, and maintaining maximum possible mobility in the segments above and below the rigid curve.
Chiropractic adjustments may improve the range of motion and reduce associated discomfort, but they do not typically change the measured angle of the fixed structural curve. The primary benefit for structural kyphosis lies in optimizing the function of surrounding joints and muscles to reduce secondary symptoms. This distinction between functional improvement and true structural correction is important for setting realistic expectations.
The Role of Comprehensive Care and Medical Referrals
Any management plan for kyphosis must begin with a proper medical diagnosis, typically involving X-rays to visualize the spine and measure the curvature using the Cobb angle. This measurement is essential for distinguishing between postural and structural kyphosis and determining the severity of the curve. Chiropractors often order or review these imaging studies to confirm the diagnosis and rule out more serious underlying pathology.
For adolescents with Scheuermann’s kyphosis, a curve exceeding 40 degrees often warrants conservative treatments such as bracing, managed by an orthopedic specialist. Curves progressing past 65 or 70 degrees may require surgical intervention, such as spinal fusion, to prevent further progression or address severe pain. Bracing and surgery are outside the scope of chiropractic practice.
Due to the complex nature of structural spinal deformities, the chiropractor functions best as one part of a multidisciplinary team. They frequently work alongside physical therapists, who provide intensive strengthening and stretching protocols, and orthopedic surgeons. This collaborative approach ensures the patient receives targeted care, from spinal adjustments and pain relief to long-term strengthening, bracing, or surgical consultation.