Chiggers are tiny pests that can cause significant skin irritation. Many wonder if these tiny creatures can spread from person to person. This article clarifies common misconceptions about chiggers, detailing their biology, acquisition, bite management, and prevention.
Understanding Chigger Biology
Chiggers are the larval stage of certain mites belonging to the Trombiculidae family. These microscopic, six-legged larvae are the only stage that feeds on humans. They do not burrow into the skin, contrary to a common belief. Instead, chiggers attach to the skin surface and inject a digestive enzyme that breaks down skin cells, which they then consume.
This feeding process creates a hardened tube of skin cells, called a stylostome, through which the chigger obtains liquefied tissue. Chiggers do not feed on blood. After feeding for a few days, larvae detach, fall to the ground, and develop into harmless nymphs and adults that feed on plant material.
How Chiggers Spread
Chiggers do not transmit from person to person. Itching and welts experienced by multiple individuals after shared time together indicate exposure to an infested environment, not direct transmission. Chiggers are environmental pests, found primarily in grassy, brushy, or wooded areas. They thrive in warm, humid conditions, active from spring through fall.
Humans acquire chiggers when they brush against vegetation where larvae are waiting. Chiggers then crawl onto clothing and skin, seeking areas where clothing fits tightly or skin folds exist. Common attachment sites include ankles, behind the knees, waistline, and armpits. Once attached, they begin feeding, leading to characteristic itchy bites.
Recognizing and Treating Chigger Bites
Chigger bites manifest as intensely itchy, red welts or bumps. These lesions appear in clusters or lines, particularly where clothing was tight. The itching sensation begins several hours after exposure and can persist for up to two weeks.
After potential exposure, showering with soap and water can remove unattached chiggers. To alleviate itching, over-the-counter anti-itch creams like hydrocortisone or calamine lotion are effective. Applying cold compresses or ice packs can reduce discomfort and inflammation. Avoid excessive scratching, as this can break the skin and lead to secondary bacterial infections.
Avoiding Chigger Exposure
Preventing chigger bites involves minimizing contact with infested habitats. When in chigger-prone areas, wearing protective clothing like long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and closed-toe shoes creates a physical barrier. Tucking pant legs into socks or boots enhances protection.
Using insect repellents with active ingredients like DEET or permethrin on exposed skin and clothing deters chiggers. Permethrin-treated clothing offers additional defense. Staying on cleared paths and avoiding tall grass, dense brush, or overgrown areas reduces the likelihood of encountering these mites. Maintaining a well-mowed lawn and removing weeds around the home reduces chigger populations in residential areas.