Many people experience a tickle or cough after consuming carbonated beverages. Several reasons explain why fizzy drinks can trigger this reaction. This article explores the physiological mechanisms behind it.
The Fizz Factor
The effervescence in carbonated drinks comes from dissolved carbon dioxide gas. When consumed, this carbon dioxide rapidly forms bubbles released into the mouth and throat. These bubbles physically interact with sensitive tissues, and their bursting can irritate, initiating a cough reflex.
Beyond mechanical irritation, a chemical reaction also contributes. When carbon dioxide dissolves in the fluid lining the throat, it forms carbonic acid. This weak acid stimulates pain receptors in the throat and nasal cavity. This chemical irritation prompts the body’s natural defense mechanism, a cough. Additionally, the cold temperature of many carbonated drinks can exacerbate irritation, potentially leading to airway tightening.
Acid Reflux Link
Carbonated drinks can contribute to coughing by inducing or worsening acid reflux. These beverages may relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscle acting as a barrier between the esophagus and stomach. When the LES relaxes, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, a condition known as gastroesophageal reflux.
Furthermore, the gas from carbonation can increase pressure within the stomach. This increased pressure can push stomach contents, including acid, upwards into the esophagus. The presence of stomach acid in the esophagus irritates its lining, which can trigger a chronic cough, often referred to as reflux cough. Many carbonated beverages, such as sodas, are also inherently acidic due to added ingredients like phosphoric acid or citric acid, which can further irritate the throat and esophagus if reflux occurs.
When to Be Concerned
If coughing after consuming carbonated drinks is occasional and mild, it may simply be a normal physiological reaction to the fizz or temperature. However, if the cough becomes persistent, frequent, or severe, or if accompanied by other symptoms, it warrants further attention. Reducing or temporarily eliminating carbonated beverages can help determine if they are contributing to the cough.
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional if the cough lasts longer than a few weeks or if it occurs alongside other concerning symptoms. These include:
Chest pain
Difficulty swallowing
Persistent heartburn
Unexplained weight loss
Shortness of breath
Coughing up thick, discolored phlegm or blood
A cough can be a symptom of various underlying health conditions, such as asthma, allergies, or chronic acid reflux, which carbonated drinks might aggravate. Medical evaluation can help identify the cause and ensure appropriate management.