Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal condition affecting many women. It often leads to questions about its nature and whether it can be transmitted to sexual partners, particularly men. This article clarifies BV and explores its potential implications for men and their partners.
Understanding Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial Vaginosis occurs when there is an imbalance of the naturally occurring bacteria within the vagina. Normally, “good” bacteria, primarily lactobacilli, outnumber “bad” anaerobic bacteria. An overgrowth of these anaerobic bacteria disrupts the vaginal flora, leading to BV.
Common symptoms of BV in women include a thin, watery vaginal discharge that may appear gray, white, or green. A strong, “fishy” odor, especially noticeable after sex, is often reported. Some women may also experience vaginal itching or a burning sensation during urination.
BV Transmission to Men
Men generally do not “get” Bacterial Vaginosis in the same way women do, because BV is an imbalance of vaginal flora specific to the female anatomy. The penis does not have the same delicate bacterial balance as the vagina, so men do not develop the condition or its associated symptoms.
Despite not developing BV themselves, men can carry the bacteria associated with BV on their penis or within their urethra after sexual contact with an infected partner. This means they can harbor these bacteria without experiencing any symptoms. While not considered a traditional sexually transmitted infection (STI), sexual activity can increase the risk of BV, and the connection to sexual partners is an area of ongoing research.
Implications for Men and Partners
If a man carries BV-associated bacteria, he typically will not experience any symptoms. Symptoms like itching, discharge, or burning in men are usually indicative of other conditions, such as balanitis, thrush, or other sexually transmitted infections, and not BV itself. If a man experiences any genital symptoms, a healthcare provider should be consulted for proper diagnosis and treatment.
A significant implication of men carrying BV-associated bacteria is the potential for re-infection in their female partners. This phenomenon, sometimes referred to as a “ping-pong” effect, suggests that even if a woman is treated for BV, she may experience recurrence if her male partner carries the bacteria and transmits them back to her. Studies have indicated that women with a regular sexual partner have a higher risk of BV recurrence.
Recent research suggests that treating male partners with a combination of oral and topical antibiotics can reduce the recurrence rate of BV in women. For instance, a 2025 randomized controlled trial found that when male partners received treatment in addition to their female partners, BV recurrence was cut in half within 12 weeks compared to women who were treated alone. While routine treatment for male partners is not yet standard practice for all BV cases, it may be considered in situations of recurrent BV in the female partner.