Incense has been used for centuries across many cultures for spiritual practices and to create a pleasant atmosphere through aromatherapy. Despite its popularity, a common side effect experienced by users is a feeling of lightheadedness or dizziness. This reaction is a documented physiological response to the airborne compounds released during combustion. Understanding the scientific basis for this dizziness involves examining the chemical makeup of the smoke and how the body reacts to these inhaled substances.
Chemical Composition of Incense Smoke
Burning incense is a combustion process, which means it releases a complex mixture of gases and particles into the air. The smoke from a single stick often contains a higher concentration of airborne particulates than a burning cigarette. These airborne substances fall into two main categories: particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Particulate matter consists of fine and ultrafine particles, such as PM2.5, which are easily inhaled. These tiny particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and carry other toxic compounds into the respiratory system. The incomplete burning of the incense material, which often includes wood powder, fragrance material, and adhesive, is the source of these concentrated particles.
The combustion process also generates various volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are chemicals that easily evaporate at room temperature. Common VOCs identified in incense smoke include benzene, formaldehyde, toluene, and xylenes. The exact profile depends on the specific ingredients used, such as the type of wood, resin, or essential oil. These VOCs, along with other gas products like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, contribute significantly to indoor air pollution.
Physiological Responses Causing Dizziness
The dizziness experienced while burning incense is a direct result of the body’s reaction to inhaling these chemical irritants and gaseous products. One primary mechanism involves the generation of carbon monoxide (CO), an odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion. Low-level inhalation of CO can cause mild hypoxia, a state of oxygen deprivation, which manifests acutely as lightheadedness, weakness, headaches, and nausea.
Carbon monoxide reduces the blood’s ability to transport oxygen by binding to hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin, which weakens the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells. This reduction in available oxygen to the brain creates the sensation of being dizzy or faint, especially in poorly ventilated spaces where CO concentrations can build up rapidly.
Inhaled particulate matter and VOCs also act as irritants to the body’s mucous membranes. These compounds affect the nose, throat, and eyes, sometimes causing a burning sensation and inflammation. This irritation can trigger headaches, which are often an accompanying symptom of dizziness and nausea. Individuals with pre-existing conditions like asthma or allergies are particularly sensitive to this inflammatory reaction.
Furthermore, the strong, concentrated aromas can trigger a neurological response in susceptible individuals. Certain synthetic fragrances or potent natural essential oils may act as triggers for migraines, which frequently include dizziness or vertigo. The complex mixture of substances in the smoke, including aldehydes, can also directly affect nasal passages and cause bronchial constriction, contributing to discomfort.
Minimizing Risk During Incense Use
Users who wish to continue enjoying incense can take simple, practical steps to reduce their exposure to harmful compounds and minimize the risk of dizziness. Proper ventilation is the most effective action, as it prevents the accumulation of particulate matter and carbon monoxide. Opening a window or running an exhaust fan helps to disperse the smoke and brings fresh air into the room.
Limiting the duration of burning is another effective strategy for reducing cumulative exposure to airborne pollutants. Shortening the burn time to 15 to 20 minutes can lower the overall concentration of PM and VOCs in the air. It is also advisable to avoid placing the burning incense directly next to where people are sitting or sleeping for extended periods.
The choice of product also influences the amount of harmful emissions released. Selecting high-quality incense made from known, natural ingredients, such as pure resins like frankincense, tends to produce fewer harmful compounds than synthetically scented or heavily dyed varieties. Opting for low-smoke incense, which minimizes particulate matter, is a good compromise for those concerned about indoor air quality.