Breastfed babies can experience colic, a common condition affecting many infants regardless of feeding method. While breastfeeding offers numerous benefits, it does not prevent colicky behaviors.
Understanding Colic
Colic is characterized by frequent, prolonged, and intense crying spells in an otherwise healthy infant. These episodes often occur without an apparent cause, and the baby remains inconsolable despite soothing attempts. The “rule of threes” defines colic as crying for more than three hours a day, at least three days a week, for a minimum of three weeks. Colic typically begins around two to four weeks of age, peaks around six weeks, and generally resolves by three to four months. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning healthcare providers first rule out other medical conditions that could be causing the crying.
Why Breastfed Babies Can Be Colicky
Several factors might contribute to colic in breastfed infants. The mother’s diet can sometimes play a role. Certain food components, such as cow’s milk protein, caffeine, or gassy vegetables, may pass into breast milk and affect a sensitive baby. While evidence is mixed, some studies suggest eliminating common allergens from the maternal diet might offer relief.
A baby’s developing digestive system is another factor. Their immature gut may struggle to process milk and manage gas efficiently. Imbalances in gut microbiota, with lower diversity of beneficial bacteria and higher gas-producing bacteria, are observed in colicky infants. This imbalance can lead to increased gas, bloating, and discomfort.
Feeding dynamics can also contribute to colic symptoms. A forceful let-down, where breast milk flows quickly, can cause a baby to gulp or gasp, leading to increased air swallowing. A poor latch during breastfeeding also results in ingesting excess air, causing gassiness and fussiness. Ensuring an effective latch can help mitigate these issues.
Soothing Strategies for Colicky Breastfed Babies
When a breastfed baby is colicky, several strategies can help alleviate their discomfort.
Feeding Techniques
Adjusting feeding techniques can be beneficial. Feed the baby in a more upright position to minimize air swallowing. Burp them frequently during and after feeds. Ensure a proper and deep latch during breastfeeding to help the baby feed more efficiently and reduce air intake.
Maternal Diet
Maternal diet modifications, under professional guidance, might be considered if food sensitivities are suspected. An elimination diet, temporarily removing common culprits like dairy or caffeine, can help identify contributing foods. Always consult a healthcare provider before making significant dietary changes.
Comfort Measures
Comfort measures can also provide relief. Gentle rocking, swaddling, and skin-to-skin contact offer a sense of security. White noise, such as a fan or white noise machine, can mimic womb sounds and soothe an overstimulated baby. Infant massage, like gentle tummy strokes or bicycling legs, may help release trapped gas. Some studies suggest certain probiotic strains, such as Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, may reduce crying time in breastfed infants with colic.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While colic is generally harmless and resolves on its own, seek medical advice if new or concerning symptoms appear. Contact a healthcare provider if the baby develops a fever, experiences vomiting (especially if projectile, green, or bloody), has bloody or loose stools, or shows signs of poor weight gain. Other red flags include lethargy, decreased movement, or persistent inconsolable crying that deviates from the typical colicky pattern. Always consult a medical professional for any concerns about a baby’s health.