Dental braces are appliances designed to correct misaligned teeth and address bite irregularities, aiming to enhance both oral function and aesthetics. While these orthodontic treatments are highly effective in achieving a straighter smile, they can sometimes introduce discomfort. Patients often experience pain, and a common question is whether braces cause headaches.
How Braces Influence Head Discomfort
Braces work by applying consistent, gentle pressure to gradually shift teeth into their correct positions. This mechanical force can place strain on the periodontal ligaments, which anchor the teeth within the jawbone. The movement of teeth and the resulting pressure can extend to the surrounding jaw muscles, such as the masseter and temporalis. These muscles, involved in chewing and jaw movement, may become tense or fatigued from adapting to new bite alignments.
Changes in how the upper and lower teeth meet can also impact the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), which connect the jawbone to the skull. Any stress or imbalance in these joints or muscles can lead to referred pain. This pain can manifest in areas distant from the jaw, commonly radiating into the head. Discomfort originating in the oral cavity can contribute to tension headaches.
Common Triggers for Headaches with Braces
Headaches frequently occur during specific phases of orthodontic treatment. The initial adjustment period, immediately after braces are first applied, is a time when the mouth adapts to the new appliance. During this phase, pressure on the teeth and gums can result in discomfort that sometimes extends to the head. This type of headache generally lessens in intensity within a few days or weeks as the mouth becomes accustomed to the changes.
Another common trigger is routine tightening or adjustment appointments. After an orthodontist modifies the wires or elastics, renewed pressure is exerted on the teeth to continue their movement. This increased force can temporarily heighten soreness in the teeth and jaw, leading to a headache.
Changes in bite alignment as teeth shift can stress jaw muscles and the temporomandibular joint, contributing to tension-related headaches. Some individuals may unconsciously clench or grind their teeth, a condition known as bruxism, as they get used to the new sensations from braces. This habit can strain jaw muscles and contribute to headaches. Brace hardware can also irritate soft tissues, causing sores that add to discomfort and headaches. Dehydration can also contribute to headaches.
Strategies for Alleviating Braces-Related Headaches
Managing headaches associated with braces often involves several self-care strategies:
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help reduce discomfort and inflammation.
Taking these medications proactively before an adjustment appointment may also help to minimize subsequent pain.
Applying a cold compress to the outside of the jaw or cheeks can help numb the area and reduce swelling, providing temporary relief.
Eating soft foods, particularly during the first few days after getting braces or following an adjustment, can reduce the strain on teeth and jaws.
Using orthodontic wax to cover any sharp edges of brackets or wires can prevent irritation to the inner cheeks and gums, which may contribute to overall discomfort.
Rinsing the mouth with warm salt water several times a day can soothe irritated gums and promote healing of any minor sores.
Gentle massage of the jaw muscles or practicing relaxation techniques may also help alleviate muscle tension that contributes to headaches.
When Professional Consultation is Necessary
While some discomfort and occasional headaches are expected with braces, professional evaluation is warranted if headaches become persistent, severe, worsen over time, or do not subside with over-the-counter pain relievers. Other concerning symptoms that may accompany headaches include signs of infection, such as fever, significant swelling, or persistent bleeding around the gums. If there is persistent jaw pain, or if new symptoms like jaw clicking, popping, or difficulty opening the mouth widely develop, these could indicate issues with the temporomandibular joint that require assessment. Additionally, any broken wires or brackets that cause injury or significant discomfort should be addressed by an orthodontist promptly.