Swollen gums, or gingival inflammation, can be a concern for individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment. While braces are effective for aligning teeth, the presence of brackets and wires can sometimes create challenges for maintaining optimal gum health. Understanding the factors that contribute to this inflammation is important for effective management.
Common Reasons for Swelling
One of the most frequent causes of gum swelling with braces is the accumulation of plaque, leading to a condition known as gingivitis. Braces create additional surfaces and small spaces where food particles and bacteria can easily become trapped, making thorough cleaning more difficult. If not regularly removed, plaque irritates the gums, causing inflammation, redness, and bleeding.
Beyond plaque accumulation, mechanical irritation from the orthodontic appliances themselves can contribute to gum swelling. When braces are first placed or adjusted, the wires and brackets can rub against the soft tissues of the mouth, leading to temporary soreness and inflammation. This discomfort and swelling usually subside as the mouth adjusts. In rare instances, individuals might experience an allergic reaction to materials used in braces, such as nickel or latex, which can also cause gum inflammation, burning, or rashes.
Keeping Gums Healthy with Braces
Maintaining healthy gums with braces involves meticulous oral hygiene. Brush after every meal and snack to prevent food particles and plaque from lodging around the brackets and wires. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and angling the bristles at 45 degrees towards the gumline helps effectively clean both the tooth surfaces and the areas directly above and below the brackets.
Flossing daily requires specialized tools due to braces. Floss threaders can help guide traditional floss under the archwire, allowing for cleaning between teeth and along the gumline. Interdental brushes are effective for cleaning around brackets and wires. Water flossers provide a gentle stream of water that can dislodge food particles and plaque from hard-to-reach areas, improving gum health.
Dietary choices also influence gum health during orthodontic treatment. Limiting sugary and sticky foods helps reduce plaque buildup, while incorporating soft foods can minimize irritation to the gums and braces. Staying hydrated by drinking water helps rinse away food debris and bacteria.
When to Seek Dental Advice
While minor gum sensitivity and swelling are expected with braces, certain signs indicate the need for professional dental advice. If gum swelling persists despite consistent home care, or if accompanied by significant pain, bleeding during brushing or flossing, or pus, contact your orthodontist or dentist. These symptoms may suggest uncontrolled gingivitis or a more advanced gum condition.
A dental professional can assess the swelling’s cause. They may perform a thorough cleaning to remove hardened plaque (calculus) that cannot be removed by home care. They can also evaluate if braces cause excessive irritation and make necessary adjustments. Addressing these concerns promptly prevents complications and supports orthodontic treatment success.