Braces are orthodontic devices that align and straighten teeth, correcting issues with their position and a person’s bite. These appliances apply gentle, consistent pressure to guide teeth into desired positions. Migraines are severe headaches often characterized by throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head. They can also involve symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and heightened sensitivity to light and sound. This article explores the potential connections between orthodontic treatment and the occurrence or exacerbation of migraines.
How Braces Can Influence Migraines
Braces initiate tooth movement, altering oral and facial structures. As teeth shift, bite alignment (occlusion) changes. This can strain jaw muscles, leading to discomfort and headaches.
Bite alignment changes can also affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), connecting the jawbone to the skull. Increased stress on the TMJ can result in radiating pain. TMJ dysfunction is a recognized contributor to headaches and migraines.
Muscle tension in the facial, jaw, and neck regions often develops as a reaction to discomfort or changes in bite. This tension can manifest as a tension headache, which may then evolve into a migraine or intensify existing migraine episodes.
Direct pressure from the wires and brackets of the braces, particularly after initial placement or adjustments, can also cause localized pain. This discomfort can sometimes trigger headaches.
Other Contributing Factors
The experience of undergoing orthodontic treatment can introduce various factors that might contribute to migraines, beyond direct mechanical influences. Stress and anxiety are common during this period, arising from the discomfort of braces or concerns about appearance changes. Stress is a well-established trigger for migraines and can exacerbate their frequency or intensity.
Dietary changes are frequently necessary when wearing braces, as hard or sticky foods must be avoided to protect the appliances. Favoring a soft food diet might inadvertently lead to imbalances in nutrient intake if not managed carefully.
Discomfort from braces can also interfere with sleep quality, particularly during the initial adjustment phases or after tightening appointments. Inadequate or disrupted sleep is a recognized migraine trigger, and consistently poor sleep can increase susceptibility to headache episodes.
Individuals with a pre-existing history of migraines may find their condition more reactive to the general discomfort or stress associated with orthodontic treatment. In some instances, orthodontic treatment can actually help alleviate migraines by correcting underlying issues like teeth grinding or jaw misalignment.
Strategies for Relief
Managing pain associated with braces and potential migraines involves several practical approaches. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help reduce discomfort and inflammation. Applying cold or warm compresses to the jaw or temples can also provide soothing relief for tense muscles.
Stress reduction techniques are beneficial for mitigating a common migraine trigger. Practices like mindfulness, deep breathing exercises, or engaging in light physical activity can help manage stress levels.
Adjusting one’s diet to include softer foods is often recommended, especially after brace adjustments, to minimize strain on the jaw. Foods like soups, mashed potatoes, and smoothies are gentle on the teeth and jaw.
Maintaining proper oral hygiene is also important, as it prevents other dental issues that could add to discomfort. Regular brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush, flossing with specialized tools, and using mouthwash are recommended.
Communicating openly with the orthodontist about any pain, persistent discomfort, or migraine symptoms is important. They can assess if adjustments to the braces are needed or offer further guidance on pain management specific to the orthodontic treatment.
When to Consult a Professional
It is important to seek professional medical advice if migraines become severe, persistent, or worsen despite home remedies. If the headaches significantly interfere with daily activities, sleep, or work, an evaluation is warranted.
Certain accompanying symptoms with a headache are considered “red flags” and require immediate medical attention. These include sudden, severe headaches, vision changes such as blind spots or flashing lights, numbness or weakness in any part of the body, or difficulty speaking. A headache accompanied by a high fever, stiff neck, or confusion also signals a need for urgent care.
Initially, discussing brace-related discomfort with the orthodontist is appropriate, as they can assess for issues like appliance fit or jaw strain. For persistent or severe migraines, especially if they do not seem solely related to the braces, consulting a general practitioner or neurologist for a comprehensive evaluation is recommended.