Hematospermia, the medical term for blood in semen, can be startling. Semen is typically whitish-gray, so discovering a reddish or brownish tint naturally causes concern. Blood thinners (anticoagulants or antiplatelets) are medications prescribed to reduce the risk of blood clots that can cause serious conditions like heart attacks, strokes, or deep vein thrombosis. Many wonder if these medications are linked to blood in their semen.
How Blood Thinners Can Cause Blood in Sperm
Blood thinners reduce the blood’s natural ability to form clots. This means minor bleeding, typically unnoticed, may become visible.
The male reproductive tract, including the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and urethra, has a rich network of small blood vessels. These delicate vessels can experience minor trauma or fragility, such as a small vessel bursting during ejaculation, similar to how a nosebleed might occur. With blood thinners, these bleeds may not clot quickly, leading to blood in the ejaculate.
When associated with blood thinner use, blood in semen often represents a side effect of the medication’s intended action rather than a serious underlying condition. The medication prevents clotting throughout the body, and this effect can manifest in areas with delicate blood vessels.
Other Reasons for Blood in Sperm
While blood thinners can contribute, blood in semen can arise from other causes. Infections are common, including sexually transmitted infections, prostate infections (prostatitis), or infections of the seminal vesicles or urethra. Inflammation within the reproductive system can also lead to hematospermia.
Physical trauma or recent medical procedures are frequent causes. This can range from minor genital injuries to urological procedures like a prostate biopsy or vasectomy. Cysts or blockages within reproductive system ducts can also cause blood vessels to rupture.
Less common causes include uncontrolled high blood pressure or, rarely, certain cancers affecting the prostate, testicles, or seminal vesicles. For many, blood in semen is idiopathic, meaning no clear cause is identified, and it often resolves spontaneously.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Even if taking blood thinners, consult a healthcare professional if you notice blood in your semen. While often benign, a medical evaluation helps rule out other, potentially more serious, underlying conditions. This is especially important if hematospermia is persistent, recurring, or accompanied by additional symptoms.
Seek medical attention if you experience pain (groin, lower back, or during ejaculation), fever, difficulty with urination, or blood in your urine. Individuals over 40 or those with a history of cancer, bleeding disorders, or recent risky sexual activity should also seek medical advice. Inform your doctor about all current medications, including blood thinners.