Blood sugar, or glucose, is the body’s primary energy source, fueling brain function and muscle movement. It circulates in the bloodstream, providing necessary fuel to cells. Maintaining stable blood sugar levels is important for overall health. When these levels deviate significantly, becoming too high or too low, the body can experience various effects, including nausea.
High Blood Sugar and Nausea
Elevated blood sugar levels, known as hyperglycemia, can lead to nausea. One reason is gastroparesis, where high blood sugar slows the emptying of stomach contents into the small intestine. This delayed digestion causes food to remain in the stomach longer, resulting in discomfort and nausea.
In severe instances, persistently high blood sugar can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA develops when the body, lacking sufficient insulin, breaks down fat for energy, producing acidic ketones. A buildup of these ketones makes the blood overly acidic and can induce severe nausea and vomiting. Hyperglycemia might arise from insufficient insulin, illness, or consuming many carbohydrates without adequate insulin. Symptoms typically manifest when blood sugar levels exceed 180 to 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
Low Blood Sugar and Nausea
Conversely, abnormally low blood sugar levels, or hypoglycemia, can also result in nausea. When blood glucose drops, the body’s alarm system activates a “fight or flight” response. This triggers the release of stress hormones, such as adrenaline, to raise blood sugar back to a healthy level.
The surge of adrenaline can affect the digestive system, potentially slowing digestion, causing stomach spasms, and leading to a queasy feeling. Nausea during hypoglycemia often occurs alongside other symptoms, including shakiness, sweating, extreme hunger, dizziness, and confusion. Hypoglycemia can result from factors like skipping meals, taking too much insulin or certain medications, or intense physical activity without enough fuel.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Nausea linked to blood sugar fluctuations can indicate a serious underlying issue, prompting professional medical evaluation. If nausea is persistent or severe, especially with vomiting, it warrants medical attention. Symptoms like confusion, shortness of breath, or if an individual with diabetes experiences these signs, require immediate medical care.
Severe hypoglycemia is a medical emergency, as it can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, or coma if not treated promptly. Similarly, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), characterized by very high blood sugar and ketones, is a life-threatening condition requiring urgent treatment. Avoid self-diagnosing these symptoms and seek prompt medical attention for any concerning changes.
Preventing Nausea Through Blood Sugar Management
Maintaining stable blood sugar levels is a strategy for preventing nausea associated with glucose imbalances. This involves adopting balanced nutritional habits, such as eating meals at consistent times and managing portion sizes appropriately. Limiting the intake of refined sugars can also help prevent sudden spikes and drops in blood glucose. Eating smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day can also contribute to smoother digestion and more stable blood sugar.
Regular physical activity supports blood sugar management, but individuals should monitor their levels closely, particularly during prolonged exercise, to avoid significant drops. For those using medications to manage blood sugar, strict adherence to prescribed dosages and consistent blood sugar monitoring are important. While these are general guidelines, obtaining personalized advice from a healthcare professional or dietitian is beneficial for effective blood sugar control.