Bald eagles, iconic raptors known for their aerial prowess, possess a surprising ability that many may not associate with them: they can swim. While soaring through the sky or perching high in trees are their more recognized modes of movement, these birds are capable of navigating water when circumstances demand it. Swimming is not their primary means of travel, but it serves as an effective method of locomotion in specific situations.
How Bald Eagles Swim
When a bald eagle takes to the water, it primarily uses its powerful wings for propulsion. This motion resembles a vigorous butterfly stroke, with the wings forcefully pushing against the water to create momentum. The eagle may also use its feet to assist, though the wings are the main drivers. This method often results in a splashing appearance as the bird moves through the water.
The eagle’s physical characteristics aid its buoyancy. Their strong, lightweight bones contain air sacs, contributing to their ability to float. Dense, water-resistant feathers, particularly the stiff outer contour feathers, help shed water and trap air, providing insulation and enhancing buoyancy. This natural waterproofing is crucial, as waterlogged feathers make flight difficult until they reach land and dry.
Why Bald Eagles Enter Water
Bald eagles typically enter the water for specific reasons, most commonly to retrieve prey. As skilled fish hunters, they often swoop down to snatch a catch from the water’s surface. If the seized fish is too large or heavy to lift in flight, the eagle will hold onto its catch and swim to a nearby shore or log, dragging the meal.
Another reason for an eagle to enter the water is to escape a threat or reach safety if grounded near a body of water. If an eagle crashes into the water during a territorial dispute or failed hunt, it may swim to shore to recover. This allows the bird to move out of immediate danger, even if it cannot immediately take flight.
Swimming as a Natural Behavior
While seeing a bald eagle swim may appear unusual, it is a natural and effective adaptation. It is a specialized behavior employed when necessary for survival, particularly concerning their diet. Swimming is not uncommon for these open-water foragers.
This aquatic maneuver highlights the bald eagle’s adaptability and resourcefulness. Despite being primarily aerial predators, their capacity to swim allows them to secure larger food items that would otherwise be lost or to navigate challenging situations. Their physical traits and instincts work together to ensure continued success in diverse habitats.