A mole, also known as a nevus, is a common skin growth composed of melanocytes, cells that produce pigment. They are common on the skin, appearing at birth or developing later. Understanding these marks helps parents recognize what is normal for their infant’s skin.
Moles Present at Birth
Moles present at birth are called congenital nevi. These birthmarks are relatively common, appearing in approximately 1% of all newborns. Congenital moles can vary significantly in appearance, ranging from small, light brown spots to larger, darker, and sometimes hairy patches. Their size, shape, and color are established from day one, and they often grow proportionally with the child.
Moles Developing After Birth
Many babies develop new moles after birth, typically during infancy or early childhood. These are acquired nevi, a normal part of skin development. They generally begin as small, flat, round, or oval spots with a uniform color. These new moles often appear in areas exposed to the sun.
The number of acquired moles varies, with many accumulating more throughout childhood and adolescence. While most acquired moles are small and benign, their appearance can change gradually over time. This development is a natural process as the skin matures and responds to environmental factors.
Identifying Normal vs. Concerning Moles
Normal moles in babies, whether congenital or acquired, exhibit a uniform appearance. They are often round or oval with smooth, regular borders and a consistent color, usually shades of brown or tan. These benign moles generally remain stable in size and shape over extended periods. Their surface is usually flat or slightly raised, blending seamlessly with the surrounding skin.
Parents should monitor moles for changes indicating a need for medical evaluation. Any mole that displays asymmetry, meaning one half does not match the other, warrants attention. Irregular or jagged borders, unlike smooth edges, are also a sign to observe. A mole with multiple colors or an uneven distribution of color within the same spot should be brought to a doctor’s notice.
A mole larger than 6 millimeters (the size of a pencil eraser) should be examined by a healthcare professional. Any evolving mole (changing in size, shape, color, or elevation) requires prompt medical consultation. Symptoms such as itching, bleeding, or tenderness associated with a mole also necessitate a visit to a pediatrician or dermatologist. Regular skin checks can help parents identify any concerning changes early.
Other Common Baby Skin Marks
Beyond moles, babies can have other common skin marks. Café-au-lait spots are flat, light brown patches that can appear anywhere on the body, resembling the color of coffee with milk. These marks are typically harmless and do not change over time. Mongolian spots are another type of birthmark, presenting as flat, blue-gray or blue-black patches, most commonly found on the lower back or buttocks. They are often mistaken for bruises but are benign and usually fade by early childhood.
Infantile hemangiomas, sometimes called strawberry marks, are raised, red vascular birthmarks that may appear shortly after birth and grow for the first few months. They are made of extra blood vessels and typically shrink and fade over several years. Stork bites, also known as salmon patches, are flat, pink or red marks commonly found on the forehead, eyelids, or back of the neck. These marks are very common and usually fade within the first year or two of life.