Babies can get laryngitis, an inflammation of the voice box. This condition requires careful attention in infants due to their developing airways, which are susceptible to obstruction.
What is Laryngitis in Infants?
Laryngitis in infants involves inflammation of the larynx (voice box) and vocal cords. This swelling can significantly narrow the airway. Infant airways are smaller than those of older children or adults, so even minor swelling can impede breathing. The infant larynx is also positioned higher and is more funnel-shaped, making them vulnerable to respiratory compromise.
Identifying Symptoms in Babies
A distinctive “barking” or “seal-like” cough is a hallmark sign, often accompanied by a hoarse cry or voice. Babies might also exhibit noisy breathing, known as stridor, a high-pitched, squeaking sound heard during inhalation due to partial airway blockage. These symptoms frequently worsen at night, potentially due to changes in air temperature or body position. Unlike a typical cold, laryngitis in infants directly impacts the sound of their cry and breathing patterns.
Causes and Triggers
Laryngitis in infants is predominantly caused by viral infections. Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are common culprits, frequently leading to conditions like croup, which involves inflammation of the larynx and trachea. Other viruses such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), influenza, and adenovirus can also trigger laryngitis. Less common bacterial infections can sometimes cause laryngitis, often as a secondary infection following a viral illness. Less frequent triggers include allergies, gastroesophageal reflux, or excessive crying that irritates the vocal cords.
When to Contact a Doctor
Immediate medical attention is necessary for an infant with laryngitis if certain warning signs appear. Difficulty breathing is a serious concern, indicated by signs such as retractions (skin pulling in around the ribs or collarbone with each breath), nasal flaring (nostrils widening during breathing), or rapid breathing. Bluish discoloration of the skin or lips (cyanosis) signals insufficient oxygen and requires emergency care. Other red flags include excessive drooling, inability to swallow, a high fever, or if the baby appears unusually ill, lethargic, or unresponsive.
At-Home Care and Comfort Measures
For mild cases of laryngitis, several measures can help soothe an infant. Using a cool-mist humidifier in the baby’s room adds moisture to the air, which helps alleviate throat irritation and loosen mucus. Ensure the baby remains well-hydrated by offering frequent small amounts of breast milk, formula, or oral rehydration solution to thin secretions.
Keeping the baby calm can also reduce strain on the vocal cords and make breathing easier. For nasal congestion, saline drops can thin mucus, followed by gentle suctioning with a bulb syringe to clear nasal passages. Avoid giving over-the-counter cold and cough medications to infants without explicit guidance from a healthcare provider, as these products are not recommended for this age group and can have adverse effects.