Teething is a developmental milestone that typically begins around six months of age when a baby’s first tooth begins to cut through the gum line. This process can cause localized discomfort and mild irritability. While many parents believe that a high temperature is a natural part of this process, major medical organizations widely agree that fever is not a direct result of teething. A significant rise in body temperature should prompt a search for a separate, underlying cause.
Scientific Consensus on Teething and Temperature
Research into the connection between tooth eruption and body temperature indicates that a slight, low-grade temperature elevation may occur, but it does not meet the clinical definition of a fever. This minor rise is often temporary and likely stems from the localized inflammation in the gums during the eruption process. Studies have shown that this slight increase in temperature is usually less than 100.4°F (38°C).
The threshold for a true fever in infants is defined as a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, measured rectally. If a baby’s temperature reaches or exceeds this level, it is overwhelmingly more likely to be a sign of a mild infection, such as a cold or ear infection. Attributing a high fever to teething can delay the diagnosis of a treatable illness. Teething symptoms are typically confined to an eight-day window surrounding the day the tooth emerges.
Recognizing Symptoms That Indicate Illness
Differentiating between the mild, localized symptoms of teething and the systemic signs of illness is important for informed care. Typical signs of teething discomfort include excessive drooling, increased biting or chewing on objects, and slight gum redness or swelling. Minor fussiness and wakefulness may also occur due to gum irritation.
Symptoms that extend beyond the mouth are strong indicators of an infection requiring attention. High fever (100.4°F or greater) should not be ignored as a simple teething symptom. Systemic symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, or a persistent cough and congestion are not scientifically linked to tooth eruption.
A rash that spreads beyond the face and chin suggests an illness rather than teething irritation caused by drool. Lethargy, a marked lack of appetite, or inconsolable crying are also clear signals that a baby is genuinely unwell. If a baby exhibits a combination of these systemic symptoms, they are likely fighting an unrelated infection.
Practical Relief and Seeking Medical Care
For the discomfort associated with teething, several methods provide localized relief. Applying gentle pressure to the gums with a clean finger can temporarily soothe the baby. Chilled objects, such as a solid teething ring or a wet washcloth, offer cooling counter-pressure that reduces gum irritation.
Over-the-Counter Medication
Infant acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be administered to manage discomfort. Strict adherence to the appropriate dosage for the baby’s weight is mandatory. Parents must consult a pediatrician or pharmacist before giving any medication to confirm proper dosing and avoid accidental overdose. Never use topical numbing gels containing benzocaine, as they are not recommended for infants due to safety concerns.
A high temperature or persistent symptoms are clear signals to contact a healthcare provider. Immediate medical attention is required if a baby under three months old has a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher. For babies older than three months, a temperature exceeding 102°F (39°C) warrants a call to the pediatrician. Any fever lasting longer than 24 to 48 hours, or accompanied by severe symptoms like persistent vomiting, refusal to drink, or unusual drowsiness, requires a prompt medical evaluation.