Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental difference characterized by variations in social communication, interaction, and sensory processing. Autistic individuals can experience altered states of consciousness from substances. Physiologically, their bodies process substances similarly to neurotypical individuals, meaning they can get high. This article explores the nuances of substance use for autistic individuals, recognizing that while the fundamental physiological response is similar, subjective experiences and motivations can differ.
Understanding the Impact of Substances on Autistic Individuals
The experience of being “high” can differ significantly for autistic individuals due to their unique neurological profiles. Sensory processing differences, a hallmark of autism, mean substances might amplify or alter sensory input. This could lead to sensory overload, where sounds become overwhelmingly loud or textures intensely irritating, or conversely, a temporary reduction in sensory sensitivities, offering a sense of calm.
Emotional regulation is another area where substance effects can be distinct. While some might find temporary emotional release, others could experience heightened anxiety, paranoia, or mood dysregulation, potentially exacerbating existing mental health challenges. Substances can also impact cognitive functions like focus, planning, and decision-making, which are areas of difference for many autistic individuals.
Impulsivity, a factor for some autistic people, particularly those with co-occurring ADHD, may also increase under the influence of substances, leading to risky behaviors. Socially, substances can affect the ability to navigate interactions and understand social cues, which are already areas of challenge for many autistic people. While some might feel temporarily less inhibited, this can also lead to misinterpretations or increased vulnerability in social settings.
These experiences are highly individual and vary greatly among autistic people, influenced by the specific substance, dosage, and individual neurological makeup.
Motivations Behind Substance Use
Autistic individuals may use substances for various reasons, often distinct from or amplified compared to neurotypical peers. A common motivation is self-medication, an attempt to alleviate symptoms of co-occurring conditions such as anxiety, depression, sensory overload, or sleep difficulties. Research indicates autistic adults are three times more likely to self-medicate for symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Substances can also serve as a coping mechanism for the stresses of navigating a neurotypical world, including social pressures or burnout from “masking” autistic traits. Some might use substances for recreational enjoyment, similar to neurotypical individuals, or to explore altered states of consciousness. Social facilitation is another factor, where substances are used to reduce social anxiety and feel more comfortable in social settings, even if temporarily. Autistic individuals may also feel social pressure to use substances to fit in with peers.
Important Considerations for Autistic Individuals
Several important factors should be considered regarding substance use for autistic individuals due to potential increased risks:
Many autistic individuals have co-occurring conditions and may take prescription medications for ADHD, anxiety, depression, or seizures. Mixing these with illicit substances or alcohol can lead to dangerous interactions and adverse health outcomes.
Some autistic individuals might exhibit increased sensitivity to substances, meaning lower doses could produce stronger or unexpected effects, sometimes even paradoxical reactions.
Substance use can also exacerbate existing mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, or psychosis, worsening symptoms over time.
Vulnerability to exploitation or negative social consequences when under the influence is also a concern, stemming from potential differences in social understanding or communication.
Substance use can disrupt established routines and alter sensory experiences in a way that is distressing, impacting an autistic individual’s well-being and stability.
Safer Practices and Support
For autistic individuals considering or engaging in substance use, informed decision-making is paramount.
Understanding the potential effects and risks associated with any substance is a crucial first step.
If choosing to use, a common harm reduction principle is “starting low, going slow,” which involves beginning with a very small dose and gradually increasing it only if necessary, while carefully monitoring effects.
Avoiding the mixing of substances, including alcohol and prescription medications, prevents unpredictable and potentially dangerous interactions.
Using substances in a safe, familiar environment and with trusted company can help mitigate risks and provide support if an adverse reaction occurs.
Recognizing when substance use might be problematic is important, and signs include increased dependency, negative impacts on daily life, or worsening mental health.
Seeking support from neurodiversity-affirming healthcare professionals, therapists, or support groups specializing in autism and substance use can provide tailored guidance and resources.
Exploring alternative coping strategies for stress, anxiety, or sensory challenges, such as engaging in sensory activities, mindfulness, or creative outlets, can offer healthier self-regulation methods.