Sunburn, a common ailment for humans, can also affect animals. This condition results from damage to skin cells caused by overexposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Just like in people, animal sunburn is a health concern that can lead to discomfort and more severe issues. Understanding the risks and recognizing the signs helps protect animal companions.
Animals at Risk
Animals with thin or sparse fur, light-colored or white fur, or pink skin are more susceptible to sunburn due to less natural UV protection. For instance, dog breeds like Dalmatians, Boxers, Weimaraners, Greyhounds, and hairless breeds such as Chinese Crested dogs are particularly vulnerable. Similarly, cats with white or light-colored fur, or hairless breeds like Sphynx and Peterbald, have a higher susceptibility to sun damage.
Beyond coat and skin pigmentation, specific body areas are more prone to burning due to less fur coverage or increased exposure. These include the nose, ear tips, eyelids, belly, and inner thighs, as well as any areas with hair loss from conditions like allergies or skin parasites. Livestock such as pigs and freshly shorn sheep are also at risk, as their skin is exposed to direct sunlight. Even marine mammals like whales can experience sunburn, especially after prolonged periods at the ocean’s surface.
Recognizing the Signs
The most common visual cues include redness or pinkness of the skin in affected areas, which may feel warm to the touch. As the sunburn progresses, the skin can become dry, flaky, or peel. In more severe cases, blisters may form on the skin, and these can eventually pop.
Animals experiencing sunburn may also exhibit behavioral changes indicating discomfort or pain. They might show tenderness when the affected areas are touched, or they may become lethargic. Increased scratching or licking of the burned skin, or ear twitching if the ears are affected, are also common signs of irritation. In some instances of severe sunburn, an animal might develop a slight fever.
Preventative Measures
Providing ample shade is a primary defense, which can include trees, shelters, patio umbrellas, or canopies in outdoor areas. Limiting outdoor time during peak UV hours, typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., is also highly effective. Adjusting walk schedules to early mornings or late evenings can help avoid the most intense sun.
Pet-safe sunscreens offer another layer of protection for vulnerable areas like the nose, ears, and belly. Use products specifically formulated for animals, as human sunscreens often contain ingredients like zinc oxide or PABA that are toxic if ingested. Applying sunscreen approximately 15 to 20 minutes before sun exposure and reapplying every few hours or after swimming is recommended. For highly susceptible animals, lightweight, UV-protective clothing or bodysuits can provide an additional physical barrier against the sun’s rays. Consult a veterinarian before applying new products or implementing protective measures to ensure they are appropriate.
Responding to Sunburn
Moving the animal to a cool, shaded area is the first action to reduce ongoing sun exposure. Applying cool compresses, such as a washcloth dampened with cool water, to the affected skin can provide soothing relief. It is important to avoid using ice packs or extremely cold water, as this can be too harsh on the skin.
For any sunburn beyond a mild reddening, or if blistering, widespread pain, or lethargy is present, veterinary assessment is necessary. A veterinarian can assess the burn’s severity and recommend treatment, such as pain relief, anti-inflammatories, or topical ointments. If secondary infections occur from damaged skin or excessive licking, antibiotics may be prescribed. Preventing the animal from licking or scratching burned areas, possibly with an e-collar, aids healing.