Anal skin tags are common, benign growths of skin that form around the anus. While generally harmless, these small protrusions can sometimes cause concern or discomfort.
Understanding Anal Skin Tags
Anal skin tags are small, excess pieces of skin located on the outer edge of the anus. Unlike hemorrhoids, which are swollen blood vessels, skin tags are composed of skin tissue and do not usually cause pain or bleeding on their own. Hemorrhoids are often painful and may bleed, and they tend to be red or purple, whereas skin tags are usually the same color as the surrounding skin. Anal skin tags also differ from anal warts, which are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and can grow larger, spread, and cause a burning itch.
These skin growths can arise from various factors, often linked to conditions that cause swelling or irritation in the anal area. Previous hemorrhoids are a common cause, as the skin can stretch during a hemorrhoid flare-up and remain as a tag once the swelling subsides. Other contributing factors include chronic inflammation, such as that seen in Crohn’s disease, or trauma from straining due to constipation or frequent diarrhea. Excessive friction or irritation, from activities like vigorous wiping or tight clothing, can also play a role in their formation.
Is Removal Possible?
Anal skin tags can be removed by a healthcare professional. Although they are generally benign and not a health risk, many individuals seek removal due to a range of concerns. The primary reasons for considering removal fall into two main categories: cosmetic and symptomatic.
From a cosmetic standpoint, the presence of skin tags may be bothersome due to their appearance. Functionally, these tags can interfere with proper hygiene, making it difficult to clean the area thoroughly after bowel movements. This can lead to trapped stool, irritation, and itching. Discomfort, swelling, or a feeling of heaviness can also prompt individuals to explore removal options. Unless severe symptoms are present, removal is typically an elective procedure performed to improve comfort and quality of life.
Methods for Removal
Several medical procedures are available for removing anal skin tags, with the choice often depending on the tag’s size, number, and location. Surgical excision is a common method, where the skin tag is carefully cut away using a scalpel or surgical scissors. This procedure is typically performed in a clinic or office setting under local anesthesia to minimize discomfort. For larger or more complex tags, sutures may be used to close the wound, and the excised tissue is often sent for pathological examination to ensure it is benign.
Another technique is ligation, which involves tying off the base of the skin tag. This action restricts blood flow to the tag, causing it to wither and eventually fall off within one to two weeks. Ligation is generally considered a low-risk procedure, suitable for smaller tags, and may not require anesthesia.
Cryotherapy involves freezing the skin tag using liquid nitrogen. The extreme cold destroys the cells within the tag, leading it to detach and fall off over several days. This non-invasive method is well-tolerated, particularly for smaller tags, though larger ones might require multiple treatment sessions.
Electrocautery uses an electrical current to burn off the skin tag. The heat effectively severs the tag from the body, often causing it to fall off immediately or within one to two weeks. Both cryotherapy and electrocautery are typically performed after numbing the area to ensure patient comfort. Laser removal is also an option, using a focused laser beam to remove the tags with minimal bleeding and potentially less scarring.
What to Expect After Removal
Following anal skin tag removal, a recovery period is necessary, with healing times varying based on the method used and individual factors. Most individuals experience mild soreness, discomfort, or sensitivity in the treated area. Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescribed medications can help manage any post-procedure pain, which is often most noticeable in the first 24 to 48 hours. Swelling may also occur, typically peaking within the first two days after the procedure.
Proper wound care is important for optimal healing and to reduce the risk of infection. Gently cleansing the area with warm water and mild soap after each bowel movement is recommended, avoiding harsh or scented products. Patting the area dry instead of rubbing is advisable, and some doctors may suggest using a barrier cream. Patients are often advised to avoid strenuous activities, heavy lifting, and prolonged soaking in baths or swimming for a week or two to prevent irritation and infection.
While the wound begins to heal within a few days to a week, complete healing can take anywhere from two to four weeks, or up to six weeks for larger excisions. Minor bleeding or itching as the skin regenerates are common during this time. Although rare, complications such as infection or delayed healing can occur, particularly if post-operative instructions are not followed. Recurrence is possible, but it often involves the formation of a new tag rather than the regrowth of the previously removed one, especially if underlying causes persist.