Ovarian cysts are common fluid-filled sacs that can appear on or within the ovaries. While many women have them without symptoms, others experience a range of concerning issues. A frequent question is whether these cysts can cause tiredness. Understanding the connections between ovarian cysts and fatigue can provide clarity for those experiencing such symptoms.
Ovarian Cysts and Fatigue
Ovarian cysts can contribute to fatigue through several interconnected mechanisms. One primary factor is chronic pain, a common symptom of larger cysts or those that press on surrounding organs. Consistent discomfort can disrupt sleep patterns, preventing adequate rest and leading to persistent exhaustion.
The body’s inflammatory response to a cyst might also play a role, as any internal process causing discomfort can consume energy. Hormonal imbalances, particularly with hormone-producing cysts or those interfering with the regular menstrual cycle, can also affect energy levels. Fluctuations in hormones like estrogen and progesterone can disrupt normal bodily functions, potentially manifesting as fatigue.
In more severe situations, such as a ruptured cyst or certain types like endometriomas, internal bleeding can occur. Significant blood loss can lead to anemia, which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. This lack of oxygen delivery to tissues and organs commonly presents as profound fatigue and weakness. Some individuals also report weakness and dizziness, particularly if a cyst has ruptured or caused the ovary to twist.
Other Symptoms to Watch For
Beyond fatigue, ovarian cysts can manifest through a variety of other symptoms that warrant attention.
Pelvic pain: a dull ache to sharp sensation in the lower abdomen, often localized to one side, potentially radiating to the lower back or thighs.
Bloating or a feeling of fullness and pressure in the abdomen, sometimes more pronounced on the side of the cyst.
Changes in menstrual cycles: painful periods, irregular bleeding, or heavier/lighter flows.
Pain during sexual intercourse.
Pressure on the bladder or bowel, causing frequent urination or difficulty with bowel movements (e.g., constipation).
Nausea and vomiting, particularly if a cyst has ruptured or caused the ovary to twist.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Recognizing when to seek medical advice for ovarian cyst symptoms is important for timely diagnosis and management.
Sudden, severe pelvic pain, especially with nausea, vomiting, or fever, as these may indicate a ruptured cyst or ovarian torsion.
Dizziness, weakness, or rapid breathing, which may signal internal bleeding or other serious complications.
Unexplained weight loss or symptoms significantly interfering with daily activities, such as persistent abdominal swelling or changes in appetite.
Any new or worsening symptoms that are persistent and not resolving on their own.
Understanding Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing ovarian cysts typically begins with a thorough medical history and a physical examination. During a pelvic exam, a healthcare provider may be able to feel swelling or changes on the ovaries.
Following the physical exam, imaging tests are commonly used to confirm the presence of a cyst and gather more details. An ultrasound, which uses sound waves to create images, is often the first-line method. This can be performed transvaginally for a clearer view or abdominally, helping to determine the cyst’s size, location, and whether it is fluid-filled, solid, or a combination. In some cases, further imaging like an MRI or CT scan may be utilized, especially if the ultrasound results are inconclusive or if there are concerns about the cyst’s nature.
Blood tests can also be part of the diagnostic process; a pregnancy test is often done to rule out pregnancy, and a CA-125 test may be ordered, particularly for postmenopausal women or if there’s a suspicion of malignancy. However, elevated CA-125 levels can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions. Laparoscopy, a minimally invasive surgical procedure, can also be used for both diagnosis and removal of cysts.
Treatment approaches for ovarian cysts vary depending on factors such as the cyst’s size and type, the severity of symptoms, the patient’s age, and fertility desires. For many functional cysts, a “watchful waiting” approach is common, as these cysts often resolve on their own within a few months without intervention. During this period, follow-up ultrasounds are typically performed to monitor the cyst’s progression.
Pain management, using either over-the-counter or prescription medications, can help alleviate discomfort. Hormonal birth control, such as oral contraceptive pills, may be prescribed to prevent the formation of new cysts by inhibiting ovulation, although they do not shrink existing cysts.
Surgical intervention may be recommended for larger cysts, those causing persistent or severe symptoms, cysts that are growing, or those with features that raise concerns about malignancy. Surgical options include laparoscopy, a minimally invasive procedure with small incisions, or laparotomy, which involves a larger incision for very large or suspicious cysts. A cystectomy removes only the cyst, preserving the ovary, while an oophorectomy involves removing the entire ovary. Decisions regarding treatment are individualized, taking into account the full clinical picture.