Ovarian cysts are common, fluid-filled sacs that develop on an ovary. While many do not cause symptoms, they can lead to leg pain, though this is not the most frequent symptom.
How Ovarian Cysts Can Cause Leg Pain
Ovarian cysts can cause leg pain due to their size and location within the pelvic cavity. A large or unusually positioned cyst can exert pressure on nearby nerves, leading to pain that radiates into the leg.
The obturator nerve, originating in the lower back and extending through the pelvis to the inner thigh and groin, can be affected. Pressure on this nerve from a cyst can cause pain in these areas. Less commonly, a cyst might also press on the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down the back of the leg, causing symptoms like pain, tingling, or numbness radiating down the leg.
Referred pain also plays a role, where pelvic pain is felt elsewhere, like the leg, due to shared nerve pathways. Acute events, such as a ruptured cyst or ovarian torsion, can cause sudden, severe pain that might radiate. Ovarian torsion occurs when an ovary twists on its supporting tissues, potentially cutting off blood flow and causing pain that can spread to the thighs, sides, and lower back.
Other Symptoms Associated with Ovarian Cysts
Leg pain associated with an ovarian cyst often occurs alongside other symptoms. Pelvic pain is the most common, described as a dull ache or sharp sensation in the lower abdomen or pelvis. This pain can be constant or intermittent and may be felt on one side.
Individuals with ovarian cysts often experience abdominal bloating or a feeling of fullness. This sensation can be more pronounced on the side where the cyst is located. Pain during menstruation (dysmenorrhea) or sexual intercourse (dyspareunia) are also common symptoms.
Pressure from a cyst on the bladder or bowel can lead to changes in urinary or bowel habits, such as frequent urination or difficulty with bowel movements. Less commonly, particularly with larger cysts or complications, nausea and vomiting may occur. These symptoms vary in intensity and may not all be present in every individual.
Recognizing When to Seek Medical Care
Seek medical attention if leg pain is suspected to be related to an ovarian cyst, especially if certain symptoms are present. Sudden, severe abdominal or pelvic pain warrants immediate medical evaluation, particularly if accompanied by fever, dizziness, lightheadedness, rapid breathing, or vomiting. These symptoms can indicate a ruptured cyst or ovarian torsion, both medical emergencies requiring prompt care.
Persistent or worsening leg pain, or any new or unexplained pelvic pain, warrants a visit to a healthcare provider. Changes in menstrual patterns or other concerning symptoms also indicate a need for professional assessment. If pain or other symptoms interfere with daily activities or quality of life, consult a doctor.
A healthcare professional can diagnose the cause of leg pain, as many conditions present with similar symptoms. Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic exam and imaging like an ultrasound, which visualizes the size, shape, and location of any cysts. A professional diagnosis guides the appropriate course of action.