Ovarian cysts are common fluid-filled sacs that can develop on or within an ovary. They are frequently benign, often resolve on their own, and may not cause symptoms. However, some cysts can grow large enough to cause discomfort. This article explores the connection between ovarian cysts and diarrhea, other common symptoms, and when to seek medical attention.
How Ovarian Cysts May Cause Diarrhea
Ovarian cysts can influence bowel function, potentially leading to diarrhea, primarily through physical interaction with nearby organs. A larger cyst can exert direct pressure on the colon or other parts of the bowel, disrupting normal waste movement. This compression can accelerate transit time, resulting in looser or more frequent stools.
Beyond direct pressure, an ovarian cyst can also cause localized pelvic inflammation. This inflammation can irritate adjacent bowel segments, altering bowel habits. When the bowel becomes irritated, its normal rhythmic contractions can become irregular, potentially causing diarrhea.
Less commonly, certain types of ovarian cysts, such as those that produce hormones, might indirectly affect gut motility. Hormonal imbalances can influence digestion. However, the direct physical pressure and localized irritation are more frequently cited mechanisms for bowel changes like diarrhea.
Other Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
While some ovarian cysts cause no symptoms, others manifest various signs. Pelvic pain is a frequent symptom, which can present as a dull ache or a sharp, sudden sensation, often localized to one side of the lower abdomen. This discomfort may also extend to the lower back or thighs.
Bloating or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen is common, sometimes accompanied by a sense of heaviness. Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia) can occur. Changes in menstrual patterns, such as irregular periods, heavier or lighter bleeding, or spotting between cycles, can also occur.
Cysts can also cause discomfort during bowel movements or frequent urination, as they may press on the bladder or rectum. Nausea and vomiting may be present, particularly if a cyst is large, has ruptured, or has caused ovarian torsion.
When to Seek Medical Attention
It is important to consult a healthcare professional if you experience persistent or worsening symptoms that might suggest an ovarian cyst. While many cysts resolve on their own, a medical evaluation can help determine the cause of your symptoms and rule out more serious conditions. A doctor can perform a physical examination and may recommend imaging tests, such as an ultrasound, to visualize the ovaries and any cysts present.
Immediate medical attention is crucial for severe symptoms. These include sudden, sharp, severe abdominal or pelvic pain, especially with nausea, vomiting, or fever. Signs of shock, such as dizziness, faintness, cold and clammy skin, or rapid breathing, also warrant urgent care. These symptoms could indicate a ruptured cyst or ovarian torsion, where the ovary twists, potentially cutting off its blood supply. Such conditions require prompt intervention to prevent complications.