An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms on or inside an ovary. These growths are common, with many individuals experiencing them often without noticeable symptoms. Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in urine. This blood can be visible (gross hematuria), appearing pink, red, or brown, or only detectable under a microscope (microscopic hematuria).
Ovarian Cysts and Urinary System Proximity
The ovaries are located in close proximity to the bladder and ureters. While ovarian cysts typically form as part of the normal menstrual cycle, they do not commonly cause blood in urine directly. Cysts are usually benign and often resolve without intervention.
However, a large ovarian cyst can exert pressure on nearby organs, potentially leading to various urinary symptoms. This pressure might result in increased urinary frequency, urgency, or difficulty fully emptying the bladder. These effects stem from physical compression of the bladder or ureters, not a direct internal connection causing blood in urine.
In rare instances, a complicated ovarian cyst, such as a hemorrhagic cyst, might indirectly contribute to symptoms mistaken for urinary issues. A ruptured cyst can cause severe abdominal pain and internal bleeding within the pelvic cavity. While this irritation might affect the urinary tract, blood in the urine generally indicates an issue originating within the urinary system, not the cyst.
Understanding Hematuria: Other Common Causes
Given that ovarian cysts are not a typical cause of blood in urine, it is important to understand the more frequent reasons for this symptom. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common culprits, leading to inflammation and bleeding in the urinary passages. Kidney stones, which are hard mineral deposits, can also cause blood in the urine as they pass through or irritate the urinary tract. Other potential sources of hematuria include bladder infections, kidney diseases, or inflammation within the kidneys known as glomerulonephritis.
Certain medications, strenuous exercise, or trauma to the urinary system can also result in blood being present in the urine. Less commonly, blood in urine can signal serious conditions like cancers of the bladder, kidney, or prostate, especially in older individuals.
Not all red or discolored urine is due to blood. Consuming certain foods like beets or blackberries, or taking specific medications, can change the color of urine to pink, red, or brown, mimicking the appearance of hematuria. Additionally, in women, menstrual blood can sometimes be mistaken for blood originating from the urinary tract.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Blood in urine, whether visible or microscopic, always warrants medical evaluation. Even if the amount of blood is small, or if it occurs only once, consulting a healthcare provider is important for proper diagnosis. Ignoring hematuria could delay the detection of a serious underlying condition.
Seek immediate medical attention if blood in urine is accompanied by severe abdominal or flank pain, fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting. An inability to urinate or large blood clots in the urine also necessitate urgent care. For persistent pelvic pain, bloating, or unresolved changes in urinary habits, discuss these symptoms with a doctor to rule out ovarian cysts or other gynecological concerns.